Novotorzhsky district. Tver Governorate Additional materials on Tver Governorate

Novotorzhsky district- administrative-territorial unit of the Tver province as part of the Russian Empire and the RSFSR. The county town is Torzhok.

Geography

The district was located in the central part of the Tver Governorate. The area of ​​the county was 4,602.4 square meters. verst The surface of the county is a flat hill, gradually descending from NW to SE. A branch of the Valdai Mountains enters the county from the west, forming a swampy hill from which the rivers of the county (Osuga, Bol. Kosha, etc.) originate. The main river is Tvertsa, which crosses the county along 97 rivers; the following flow into the Tvertsa: Osuga (125 ver.) with Poveda (74), Logovyazh (63), etc. To the north along the border of the county flows the Medveditsa (15 ver.), to the south - Darkness (25 ver.), to the west - Bolshaya Kosha (25th century), the last three flow into the Volga outside the district. Only the Tvertsa is navigable, rafting on all named rivers, excluding Logovyazhi. The banks of the rivers are densely populated: along Tvertsa there are the city of Torzhok and 39 villages, with 35 thousand inhabitants; in Osuga - 44 (7 thousand inhabitants), in Povedi - 20 (3 thousand inhabitants), in Logovyazha - 23 (3 thousand inhabitants). Price and Bol. The Kosha belongs to the district with its upper reaches and flows among the forests. There are two mills and several sawmills along Osuga. There are good floodplains along the banks of the Osuga, Povedi, Logovyazha and Tma.

Story

The name of the district comes from the ancient name of the city of Torzhok - New Torg. Novotorzhskaya was the name of the city volost within the Novgorod land. In the 15th century it was annexed to the Russian state and it included Novotorzhsky district. In 1708, the district was assigned to the Ingria province, in 1719 to the Tver province of the St. Petersburg province, in 1727 to the Novgorod province. In 1775 it became part of the Tver governorship, which was renamed a province in 1796. After this, the boundaries of the district did not change until March 1924, when part of the territory of the liquidated Staritsky district was transferred to it. In 1929, the district was abolished, its territory became part of the Tver District of the Moscow Region.

Population

• Baranye-Gorskaya center - village. Baranya Gora.
• Vasilievskaya - village Vasilyevo.
• Gruzinskaya - village Georgians.
• Dorskaya - Antsifarovo village.
• Klimovskaya - village Klimovo.
• Kuzovinskaya - village Kuzovino.
• Maryinskaya - village Maryino.
• Moshkovskaya - Moshki village.
• Mednovskaya - village Copper.
• Nikolskaya - village Nikolskoe.
• Novotorzhskaya - Torzhok.
• Povedskaya - village Tale.
• Prechisto-Kamenskaya - village. Prechisto-Kamenka.
• Prudovskaya - village Vyoski.
• Pryamukhinskaya - village Great Bohrok.
• Ramenskaya - village Ramenier.
• Sukromlinskaya - village. Sukromlya.
• Tysyatskaya - s. Tysyatskoye.

In terms of police, the county was divided into three camps:

• 1st camp, camp apartment village. Ostashkovo.
• 2nd camp, camp apartment in Torzhok.
• 3rd Stan, Stanovaya apartment with. Great Bohrok.

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Notes

Links

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.

An excerpt characterizing Novotorzhsky district

The spirit of the army is a multiplier for mass, giving the product of force. To determine and express the value of the spirit of the army, this unknown factor, is the task of science.
This task is possible only when we stop arbitrarily substituting instead of the value of the entire unknown X those conditions under which force is manifested, such as: orders of the commander, weapons, etc., taking them as the value of the multiplier, and recognize this unknown in all its integrity, that is, as a greater or lesser desire to fight and expose oneself to danger. Then only by expressing known historical facts in equations and by comparing the relative value of this unknown can we hope to determine the unknown itself.
Ten people, battalions or divisions, fighting with fifteen people, battalions or divisions, defeated fifteen, that is, they killed and captured everyone without a trace and themselves lost four; therefore, four were destroyed on one side and fifteen on the other. Therefore four was equal to fifteen, and therefore 4a:=15y. Therefore, w: g/==15:4. This equation does not give the value of the unknown, but it does give the relationship between two unknowns. And by subsuming various historical units (battles, campaigns, periods of war) under such equations, we obtain series of numbers in which laws must exist and can be discovered.
The tactical rule that one must act in masses when advancing and separately when retreating unconsciously confirms only the truth that the strength of an army depends on its spirit. In order to lead people under the cannonballs, more discipline is needed, which can only be achieved by moving in masses, than in order to fight off attackers. But this rule, which loses sight of the spirit of the army, constantly turns out to be incorrect and is especially strikingly contrary to reality where there is a strong rise or decline in the spirit of the army - in all people's wars.
The French, retreating in 1812, although they should have defended themselves separately, according to tactics, huddled together, because the spirit of the army had fallen so low that only the mass held the army together. The Russians, on the contrary, according to tactics, should attack en masse, but in reality they are fragmented, because the spirit is so high that individuals strike without the orders of the French and do not need coercion in order to expose themselves to labor and danger.

The so-called partisan war began with the enemy’s entry into Smolensk.
Before guerrilla warfare was officially accepted by our government, thousands of people of the enemy army - backward marauders, foragers - were exterminated by the Cossacks and peasants, who beat these people as unconsciously as dogs unconsciously kill a runaway rabid dog. Denis Davydov, with his Russian instinct, was the first to understand the meaning of that terrible club, which, without asking the rules of military art, destroyed the French, and the glory of the first step to legitimize this method of war belongs to him.
On August 24, Davydov’s first partisan detachment was established, and after his detachment others began to be established. The further the campaign progressed, the more the number of these detachments increased.
The partisans destroyed the Great Army piece by piece. They picked up those fallen leaves that fell of their own accord from the withered tree - the French army, and sometimes shook this tree. In October, while the French were fleeing to Smolensk, there were hundreds of these parties of various sizes and characters. There were parties that adopted all the techniques of the army, with infantry, artillery, headquarters, and the comforts of life; there were only Cossacks and cavalry; there were small ones, prefabricated ones, on foot and on horseback, there were peasant and landowner ones, unknown to anyone. There was a sexton as the head of the party, who took several hundred prisoners a month. There was the elder Vasilisa, who killed hundreds of French.
The last days of October were the height of the partisan war. That first period of this war, during which the partisans, themselves surprised at their audacity, were afraid at every moment of being caught and surrounded by the French and, without unsaddled or almost getting off their horses, hid in the forests, expecting a pursuit at every moment, has already passed. Now this war had already been defined, it became clear to everyone what could be done with the French and what could not be done. Now only those detachment commanders who, with their headquarters, according to the rules, walked away from the French, considered many things impossible. The small partisans, who had long since begun their work and were closely looking out for the French, considered it possible what the leaders of large detachments did not dare to think about. The Cossacks and men who climbed among the French believed that now everything was possible.
On October 22, Denisov, who was one of the partisans, was with his party in the midst of partisan passion. In the morning he and his party were on the move. All day long, through the forests adjacent to the high road, he followed a large French transport of cavalry equipment and Russian prisoners, separated from other troops and under strong cover, as was known from spies and prisoners, heading towards Smolensk. This transport was known not only to Denisov and Dolokhov (also a partisan with a small party), who walked close to Denisov, but also to the commanders of large detachments with headquarters: everyone knew about this transport and, as Denisov said, sharpened their teeth on it. Two of these large detachment leaders - one Pole, the other German - almost at the same time sent Denisov an invitation to each join his own detachment in order to attack the transport.
“No, bg”at, I’m with a mustache myself,” said Denisov, having read these papers, and wrote to the German that, despite the spiritual desire that he had to serve under the command of such a valiant and famous general, he must deprive himself of this happiness, because he had already entered under the command of a Pole general. He wrote the same thing to the Pole general, notifying him that he had already entered under the command of a German.
Having ordered this, Denisov intended, without reporting this to the highest commanders, together with Dolokhov, to attack and take this transport with his own small forces. The transport went on October 22 from the village of Mikulina to the village of Shamsheva. On the left side of the road from Mikulin to Shamshev there were large forests, in some places approaching the road itself, in others a mile or more away from the road. Through these forests all day long, now going deeper into the middle of them, now going to the edge, he rode with Denisov’s party, not letting the moving French out of sight. In the morning, not far from Mikulin, where the forest came close to the road, Cossacks from Denisov’s party captured two French wagons with cavalry saddles that had become dirty in the mud and took them into the forest. From then until the evening, the party, without attacking, followed the movement of the French. It was necessary, without frightening them, to let them calmly reach Shamshev and then, uniting with Dolokhov, who was supposed to arrive in the evening for a meeting at the guardhouse in the forest (a mile from Shamshev), at dawn, fall from both sides out of the blue and beat and take everyone at once.
Behind, two miles from Mikulin, where the forest approached the road itself, six Cossacks were left, who were supposed to report as soon as new French columns appeared.
Ahead of Shamsheva, in the same way, Dolokhov had to explore the road in order to know at what distance there were still other French troops. One thousand five hundred people were expected to be transported. Denisov had two hundred people, Dolokhov could have had the same number. But superior numbers did not stop Denisov. The only thing he still needed to know was what exactly these troops were; and for this purpose Denisov needed to take a tongue (that is, a man from the enemy column). In the morning attack on the wagons, the matter was done with such haste that the French who were with the wagons were killed and captured alive only by the drummer boy, who was retarded and could not say anything positive about the kind of troops in the column.

Novotorzhsky district of the Tver province (Torzhoksky district) is located in the north-west of the Kalininsky district of the region and has an advantageous location in terms of the passage of the most important St. Petersburg highway.

The General Survey Plans (PGM) of Novotorzhsky district show in detail all settlements, terrain, roads and other objects of interest to any search engine or treasure hunter.

The PGM of Novotorzhsky district is divided into 4 (four) parts. This is the most important document of the late 1720s, defining land plots, their sizes and boundaries. All General Survey Plans are extremely useful for both experienced and novice treasure hunters.

Schematic maps of roads of the Tver province (1912)

Another informative archive with maps can now be found at the link below. This is a graphic supplement to the publication of the Tver provincial zemstvo "Statistical and economic study of dirt roads in the Tver province (1912)".

In total, the archive contains 12 schematic maps of roads in the Tver Province by county: Tverskoy, Korchevsky, Kalyazinsky, Kashinsky, Bezhetsky, Vesyegonsky, Vyshnevolotsky, Ostashkovsky, Rzhevsky, Zubtsovsky, Staritsky, Novotorzhsky.

I hope the archiver will be useful to treasure hunters in choosing potential places to search. And, I think, road maps are especially relevant in the summer, because... There is grass in the fields, but walking along the roads makes sense.

Maps of the Tver province of the early 20th century

An interesting archive with maps of the Tver province of the early 20th century. The archive suggests six cards starting in 1900 and ending with one of the first maps of the R.S.F.S.R. - 1918.

Various maps, including the “Archaeological Map of the Remains of Antiquity and Antiquity of the Tver Province”, published by the Tver Registration Archival Commission. It is on this map that particularly ancient places and tracts known at the beginning of the 20th century are indicated.

In each map, a lover of instrumental search in our area will be able to find some useful information for himself, especially since these maps are not as popular as, for example, the Mende or Strelbitsky maps. In addition, comparing these maps with popular maps can provide more complete information about the locations and characteristics of objects.

And provinces - in the north, - in the west and - in the east.

The Tver province was formed in 1796 on the site of the Tver governorship, established on November 25, 1775. The center of the province was the city of Tver.

At the time of its formation, the Tver province included 9 districts: Bezhetsky, Vyshnevolotsky, Zubtsovsky, Kashinsky, Novotorzhsky, Ostashkovsky, Rzhevsky, Staritsky, Tverskoy. In 1803, the districts that were abolished during the formation of the province were recreated: Vesyegonsky, Kalyazinsky and Korchevsky.

From 1803 to 1918, the Tver province included 12 districts:

№	County	County town	Area, verst	Population (1897), people
1	Bezhetsky	Bezhetsk (9,450 people)	7 371,5	247 952
2	Vesyegonsky	Vesyegonsk (3,457 people)	6 171,1	155 431
3	Vyshnevolotsky	Vyshny Volochek (16,612 people)	8 149,4	179 141
4	Zubtsovsky	Zubtsov (2,992 people)	2 610,2	103 109
5	Kalyazinsky	Kalyazin (5,496 people)	2 703,7	111 807
6	Kashinsky	Kashin (7,544 people)	2 622,5	119 510
7	Korchevskaya	Korcheva (2,384 people)	3 810,9	119 009
8	Novotorzhsky	Torzhok (12,698 people)	4 602,4	146 178
9	Ostashkovsky	Ostashkov (10,445 people)	7 623,6	130 161
10	Rzhevsky	Rzhev (21,265 people)	3 713,9	143 789
11	Staritsky	Staritsa (6,368 people)	3 963,1	146 143
12	Tverskaya	Tver (53,544 people)	3 494,7	166 905

On December 28, 1918, Kimry district was formed, on January 10, 1919 - Krasnokholmsky district. On May 20, 1922, the Zubtsovsky, Kalyazinsky and Korchevsky districts were abolished, and the Vesyegonsky and Krasnokholmsky districts were transferred to the Rybinsk province (but already in 1923 they were returned back to the Tver province). In 1924, Krasnokholmsky and Staritsky districts were abolished, and in 1927 - Kashinsky.

On January 14, 1929, the Tver province was liquidated; its territory is divided between the Moscow and Western regions.

Additional materials on the Tver province

• Maps of districts of the Tver province
  Maps of the districts of the Tver province were compiled by the Provincial Statistical Bureau based on research data from 1886-90 and 1915. The exact date of compilation of the maps is not known. Maps of the districts of the Tver province are compiled on a scale of 5 versts per inch. The maps show: settlements (indicating the number and living population), gatehouses, estates, hamlets, villages and graveyards, factories, factories, mills and other objects. The maps show the boundaries: provincial, district and volost.

  Maps of districts of the Tver province:
  Download the map of Tverskoy district Conventional signs

• Lists of populated places of the Russian Empire, compiled and published by the Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. - St. Petersburg: in the printing house of Karl Wulff: 1861-1885.
  Tver province: according to information from 1859 / processed by ed. I. Wilson. - 1862. - XL, 454 pp., l. color kart. Download .
• Map of the Tver province: [general geographical folding map]. - , in English inch 20 versts. - [Tver: b. i., 1913]. - 1 to. ; 44 x 62. Download.
• Map of the Tver province: With the boundaries of volosts, parishes, camps, conscription areas for military service, zemstvo schools, postal and trade routes, postal and zemstvo stations / Comp. Tver lips. zemstvo council. — St. Petersburg: Cartogr. manager A. Ilyina: 1879. - 1 volume (2 sheets): color; 76x46 (87x68). Scale: 10 versts per inch.