Interesting facts about paper money. Interesting facts about world money

Antipyretics for children are prescribed by a pediatrician. But there are emergency situations with fever when the child needs to be given medicine immediately. Then the parents take responsibility and use antipyretic drugs. What is allowed to be given to infants? How can you lower the temperature in older children? What medications are the safest?

Edible money considered grains, wine, cod, vegetable oil, cocoa, sugar, salt, dried pork, bar tea, rice grains, walnuts, dried banana peels

Cowrie shells were very popular as money. The earliest evidence of the use of cowrie shells as money in China is about 3,500 years old. First chinese coins were cast in the form of cowrie shells. Cowrie shells served as money in the 9th to 18th centuries. in India, in the 17th century in Thailand and in the 19th century in Africa. In some regions of Asia, cowries retained this function until the mid-twentieth century. For example, in the Lake Chad region, a slave was valued at 20-30 cowrie shells.

Gradually, the role of money shifted to a more practical material - metal (copper, bronze, silver, gold).

The first gold coins appeared about two and a half thousand years ago in Lydia, which was located in the western part of Asia Minor. Memory of the last king Lydia Croesus remained in the phrase that became a household word “rich as Croesus.”

Spartan money was made large and heavy; transporting even small sums required a horse-drawn cart. They were made of iron, which was dipped in vinegar while hot (which made the metal unsuitable for further use).

Alexander the Great became the first ruler to order his image to be minted on coins.

The first paper money appeared in China. The Chinese government issued heavy iron coins of low purchasing power. People left them with merchants and used the receipts they received in return. At the beginning of the 11th century, the government deprived merchants of the right to give receipts and printed receipts themselves, which officially replaced coins and greatly simplified payments.

Among the Eastern Slavs, before the beginning of coin circulation, marten skins played an important role in trade with the Arab East, from which the name of the metal monetary unit came Ancient Rus'"kuna".

During the Tatar-Mongol yoke in Rus', silver bars - hryvnia - were used as money. For one hryvnia they gave 200 squirrel skins. For convenience, when making payments, they began to cut the hryvnia in half - hence the word ruble.

The penny was introduced by the mother of Ivan the Terrible, Elena Glinskaya, in 1534. The coin received its name from the image of a horseman with a spear.

In 1748, Mikhail Lomonosov was paid a state bonus in the amount of 2 thousand rubles. True, there was no paper money in Russia at that time, and there were not enough silver and, especially, gold coins. The luminary of Russian science had to bring a gift - 3.5 tons copper coins- on a dozen carts.

During the era of Catherine 2 in 1768 (1769), the first Russian paper money was issued (according to legend, from old palace napkins and tablecloths). This was due, first of all, to the enormous costs of waging the Russian-Turkish war, which began in 1768.

Louis 16, who fled from the rebellious people, was accidentally identified at the border by the image on a coin and returned to Paris, where the king of France was executed.

money superstitions and omens

It is believed that you cannot spend a single ruble on payday. The entire amount must be spent overnight at home.

Any money found is a dangerous thing. In Japan, no one will ever pick up a lost wallet (except to take it to the police station). The Japanese believe that for such an unexpected gift, fate will soon ask you very strictly, taking away something more valuable from you.

According to Feng Shui, a three-legged toad with a coin in its mouth is a very powerful money talisman. , brings wealth and monetary luck. Once upon a time, the three-legged toad was a malicious creature. But one day Buddha came, conquered her and bound her with an obligation to help people. Since then, the toad has been paying for the trouble he caused by spitting out gold coins. It is a symbol of wealth and prosperity. The coin should be turned with hieroglyphs facing up.

Hieroglyph "Money" - one of the most popular hieroglyphs in Feng Shui. Attracts prosperity and monetary wealth in the places where it is located. Unlike the hieroglyph “Wealth,” it attracts precisely monetary energy and everything related to money. Promotes the formation of multiple sources of income.

It’s better not to borrow money on Tuesday - you’ll be in debt all your life, take money with your left hand and give money with your right, they love the account, but not from the piggy bank (they will stop accumulating) and not late in the evening.
Money goes away like water: you can’t have unfixed plumbing in your home to avoid water leaks.

With the advent of paper money, the custom arose of putting banknotes in a wallet with the front side facing the owner, always unfolded and neatly straightened.

Plant a money tree - Crassula (also called the tree of happiness). Moreover, you should not buy a ready-made plant; you need to break off a small shoot yourself, plant it in a pot, cherish it and groom it. Wood will not only decorate your interior, but also improve your financial situation.

Billings W.

People who think money can do everything are themselves capable of doing everything for money.

Beware of minor expenses; A small leak will sink a big ship.

Franklin B.

Acquiring money requires valor; saving money requires prudence; spending money requires art.

You can download the presentation “Money and its functions” using the links

Money is one of the main inventions of mankind. It is difficult to imagine how people could manage without this universal medium of exchange in the modern world. By turning to history, you can learn many interesting facts about money.

What replaced money in ancient times?

When human society was in the early stages of development, in those distant times people naturally got by without money, being content with barter in kind. But over time, the barter process became more complicated, since many goods were required that were difficult to produce.

We needed some universal equivalent of the cost of things, which our ancestors came up with. Today many are known amazing facts about money: for example, what comes first the usual coins and banknotes did not exist - their role was played by a wide variety of objects that were used in trade:

• shells;
• oddly shaped stones;
• animal skins;
• livestock;
• sugar;
• Ivory;
• cocoa.

How did the first money appear?

The world's first money, in its traditional form, appeared in China in the 7th century BC, where they minted iron coins that were cheaper in cost than the denomination indicated on it. Around the same time, coins came into circulation in the Lydian kingdom and Persia.

Later, gold coins issued by Alexander the Great came into circulation, becoming a kind of uniform currency in his empire.

Money arrived in European countries in the 7th century, coming there from Greece. Europeans preferred coins made of gold and silver. The first paper money also first began to be used in China - in 910.

Surprising but true: money in Rus'

Initially, natural exchange dominated among the Eastern Slavs. Livestock or valuable furs were often used as payment, which also played an important role in trade with foreign merchants. First money - metal coins , came to Rus' from the East, receiving here the name “Kuns”.

Rus''s own coinage appeared only in the 10th century - these were zlatniks and silver coins. They disappeared during the period of the Tatar-Mongol yoke, since at that time trade and economic ties between the individual principalities were in a state of decline.

Later they were replaced by hryvnias - bars of silver of different shapes. In Novgorod, the hryvnia began to be called the ruble, half a ruble - half, and after some time this currency went far beyond the boundaries of the Novgorod principality.

And the well-known name kopek comes from the spear held in the hands of the horseman depicted on the reverse side of the coin. Money in Rus' has repeatedly undergone changes, both in appearance and in the material of manufacture.

Money of modern times

Now the most popular banknote in the world, regardless of geography, is 500 euro banknote. If we turn to Russia, the most popular here is the thousand-ruble bill.

The euro, like the dollar, is a world currency that can be exchanged in any country in the world. It's difficult to say which one is more reliable. By the way, according to a rough estimate of experts, today all the money currently in circulation in the world totals about 843 billion dollars, although it is highly likely that in reality there is much more.

It is interesting that now paper money and coins are receding into the background, and electronic money is becoming increasingly widespread - in the age of the Internet and high technology it is much more convenient and safer.

What don't we know about money?

If you wish, you can “dig up” interesting facts about money in the history of any country.

• The word "coin" has its roots in ancient Roman mythology. This nickname, meaning “adviser” or “warner,” was worn by one of the main goddesses of the Roman pantheon, Juno. The coin workshops were located near her temple, hence the name.
• The history of the appearance of corrugation on coins is associated with the British Isaac Newton, the same physicist who discovered the law of universal gravitation. His invention prevented coins from being worn down and counterfeited.
• Australia also distinguished itself - it was in this country that it was printed heaviest gold coin in the world.

A little-known fact is also connected with the most popular world currency - the US dollar. It turns out that the famous symbol was originally used to designate Mexican pesos, which were widespread throughout the United States.

about the history of money tell how evolution went Money. Coins, bills, bank cards, virtual money: what types of banknotes are not valid in the modern world. But this was not always the case.

1. At the initial stages of history, there was natural exchange. Goods were exchanged for goods. When going to the market for shopping, it was necessary to take excess food and goods from home for barter.
2. The exchange of goods was certainly profitable, but extremely inconvenient. Therefore, people replaced goods with valuable items. So, Precious cowrie shells, feathers, and beads were in use in the Pacific countries and America. Furs were valued in Rus', silk was valued in China, and opium was valued in Asia. By the way, cowries have been used for more than 4 thousand years, and went out of use only at the beginning of the twentieth century.

   
   

3. The idea of ​​minting coins came to the rulers of the Lydian kingdom in the 7th century BC. Coins were minted from an alloy of gold and silver. The choice of precious metals is not accidental. They were expensive, did not oxidize and did not rust. A small piece of metal had a high value, and goods were offered in equivalent. This idea was picked up by all the advanced states of that time.

   
   

4. Initially, profiles of goddesses and later deceased emperors were minted on coins. Depicting a living person on money was considered a bad sign. But Alexander the Great disregarded tradition and put into circulation coins with his masculine profile.

   
   

5. Ribbed edge on coins – protection against counterfeiting. As soon as coins appeared, counterfeiters began to operate. They filed down the edges of the coins and sent them to be melted down. Isaac Newton found an original solution to this problem by proposing to make a grooved edge. Modern coins are no longer issued from precious metals, but making the edge with notches has become a tradition.

   
   

6. Paper money was originally made in China for funeral rituals. In order not to destroy coins after the death of a rich person, and at the same time not to let him go afterworld empty-handed, it was decided to print money with the appropriate denomination. The banknotes were burned during the burial. But soon the rich, who found it difficult to carry coins on a cord, proposed issuing paper bills for real trade transactions. And this idea caught on, although just a couple of years after the first pieces of paper were put into circulation, they depreciated by more than 70 times, and there were a lot of fakes. Therefore, the Chinese returned to coinage again.

   
   

7. In the 17th century, one of the Canadian colonies had no cash left to pay workers.. In order not to lead to riots and riots, it was decided to make money from improvised means, which turned out to be playing cards. Bankers cut out fancy figures, wrote the denomination of the banknote and affixed the bank's seal. For some time this money was in use. And after a ship with coins arrived from Europe, all card banknotes were cashed. There was money made from other materials, for example, from seal skin.

   
   

8. The name of many currencies comes from measures of weight. For example, the British coin was called sterling, and 240 of these coins weighed exactly a pound. The Italian lira is also the name of the unit of mass adopted in this country. In the Middle Ages in Europe, a measure of silver, slightly less than a pound, was called a mark. And in Rus' there was a measure called the hryvnia.

   
   

9. In Rus', money began to be introduced after the baptism of Rus' in the 10th century.. Before this, money from neighboring states was in circulation.

   
   

10. The smallest coin in history operated in Rus'. Its face value was ¼ kopeck, and it weighed only 0.17 g. But the record-breaking banknote had a face value of 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 penge, it was issued in 1946 in Hungary.

    
    

11. In places of deprivation of liberty, prisoners were not given cash. Then camp money was created, valid only in the camp territory. They could even be exchanged for regular rubles. By the way, one of the most notorious money counterfeiting scams is also associated with prison. Prisoners in Peru, sentenced to life sentences, printed forgeries within the prison walls.

    
    

12. The heaviest coin was issued in Sweden in the 18th century.. Her weight exceeded 19 kg. It was rectangular, and the royal seal was engraved on its edges.

    
    

13. If measured in 100 dollar bills, then a million dollars weighs about 10 kg, and if a million is poured into 1-cent coins, it will come out to 246 tons.

    
    

14. The most popular currency is the dollar. There are more than 845 billion of these banknotes around the world. The currency called the franc is valid in 34 countries. And the most popular banknote is 500 euros.

    
    

15. After a long period of circulation, banknotes become unusable and are recycled.. In Russia they are used to make roofing felt, and in Germany they are used to make fertilizers.

    
    

WHAT IS MONEY?

You've all probably had to deal with money. What is money? This is the kind of thing for which you can buy everything.

You need bread, for example, or a coat. If you have money in your pocket, you go to the store and buy it. For a few pieces of paper they give you what you need.

What if there was no money? How then? Couldn't you buy anything? No, you can, but only then would you have to give something in exchange.
You have an extra coat, but you need sugar - you go and change it.
But this is very inconvenient! You find a person with sugar, you offer to change, but he doesn’t even need a coat. Need a bike. Move on. A man with a bicycle was caught. You already decide to first exchange the bicycle, and then get sugar from the first person for it. But this guy only gives away his bike for chocolates. Luckily, you soon meet a candy man who needs a coat. You change, and only now can you get sugar for a bicycle from the first one. But it’s good if he hasn’t changed with someone else during this time, otherwise you’ll be running around with the bike.

But none of this happens with money.
You will now receive money for the coat, and for it sugar, or whatever you want, any product you like. Such an exchange of any things or products for money is called trade. Without money, trade would be impossible.
And not only trade requires money. Money is given to workers and employees for their work, so that everyone can buy what he needs.

FIRST MONEY

But there was a time when money did not exist at all. Man then still lived in caves, was armed with a club and spent all his time getting food. This man did not need money at all.

But many years passed, and these primitive people began to live differently. They have already learned to make axes, knives, clay pots, spears, and arrows from stone. Food was obtained by hunting and fishing.

And if something could not be obtained through labor, they resorted to force and took what they needed from a stranger from another family.
Some tribe lived, for example, in an area where salt could be mined. Another tribe also needed salt. Well, the war began, and whoever won became the master.
But it also happened that force did not help. Then we had to do things differently. The tribes formed an alliance and began to change. One tribe gave salt, and another gave axes, arrows, and pots.

Gradually the exchange developed more and more. In order to change, people began to converge in certain places. They came from different surroundings and brought with them for exchange those things of which they had a lot.
Rules for exchange have also been developed. They agreed, for example, that one could exchange 1 ax for 10 arrows or 2 spears or 2 pots or 1 sheep.

And most of all, primitive people loved to exchange for jewelry - shells, pieces of amber and other beautiful things.
And whoever had more different decorations hung was considered more beautiful and richer.
Therefore, it was most likely possible to exchange the thing you needed for all these items.
Jewelry is beginning to be accepted more and more willingly. Everyone knew that if he took shells and amber for his arrows or spears, he would later buy anything he wanted with them.

Do you remember what it is that you can buy anything for? This is money. Thus, jewelry gradually became money.

WHAT OTHER MONEY WAS THERE?

But not only jewelry, but also household items served as money.
Some tribes had livestock as money: sheep, cows, horses. And even later, the names of some money turned out to come from the word “cattle”. The Indians now have banknote called "rupee", and this word used to mean cattle.
For others, animal skins or pieces of canvas served as money: they measured it with “elbows,” that is, with the hand from the elbow to the end of the fingers, and for a few “elbows” they received the items they needed. But all this money was very inconvenient. Where livestock or skins served as money, there was an inconvenience simply because this money could not be used to pay for cheap items.
Some thing, for example, is not worth a whole bull, but you can’t separate half of it without killing it. The same can be said about skins. Tear her into pieces, no one will give anything for them.
This means that with this money you also need to have “trifles” - bags of beans or grains.
Also, all sheep and bulls are different. Some are larger, others are smaller, some are fat, others are not. And all this money took up too much space. You need to go to the market to do some shopping, which means driving a whole flock of sheep or carrying bags of grain.
You can't hide that kind of money in your pocket.

THE FIRST METAL MONEY

And so everyone very willingly begins to accept metals in exchange, which by this time people had learned to mine.

The most common at first were copper and iron.
They were always needed in the household, they made good jewelry - rings, plaques, etc., and therefore metals were exchanged with pleasure.
In addition, they could be divided into parts, they are more convenient to carry and, finally, metals are better preserved than hides or grains and do not need food and care, like cattle. This is why metals become money.
Subsequently, iron and copper are replaced by gold and silver.
Why is that? After all, gold and silver are almost useless in farming! A golden ax is no good against an iron one; weapons made of copper are stronger than gold or silver, since both gold and silver are much softer than iron and copper.
How did it happen that gold and silver became money instead of iron and copper?
Again, this happened because our ancestors loved to decorate themselves. And you can’t imagine better jewelry than gold and silver. These metals melt easily, are easily forged, you can easily make intricate things out of them, and, in addition, gold and silver do not rust.

But one should not think that these first metal money were at all similar to our current ones.
No, they first appeared in the form of jewelry - rings of various sizes. Then, when the extraction of metals increased, they began to consider it unnecessary to give them the shape of any thing, but simply divided them into small ingots.
From now on, it becomes possible to save money.
Previously, this was very difficult because things like hides, salt, livestock are not easy to preserve. The salt can get wet, the skins spoil, the livestock needs to be fed and cared for. And all this requires a lot of space.
But if you collect gold and silver, then you don’t need any of this.
But money such as gold and silver bars also has many inconveniences and disadvantages.
For example, someone sold a lot of cattle and received a large piece of gold for it. This man goes to the market to buy various small things needed in the household.
What should he do with his piece of gold? It is clear that it needs to be divided into several small pieces in order to pay the traders.
And for this you need to have special cutters, you need scales and weights to separate just the right piece.
This, of course, is a great inconvenience, a great loss of time, and, in addition, it may lead to miscalculation and deception. You need to carry scales and weights with you, or trust a merchant who can deceive you.

FIRST COINS

To avoid this, people begin to weigh out certain pieces of gold in advance and give them one shape or another. For example, they began to make square plates and circles out of gold, put some drawings on them, indicate the weight and put them into circulation.

This was the beginning of the production or, as they now say, minting of coins.
In ancient times, this work was done by hand. A piece of metal was flattened with a hammer, and a plate was obtained. Then a circle was cut out of the plate with a chisel. To get an image, inscription or some kind of sign on a mug, the circle was heated, then a metal rod was placed on it, in which the first signs had already been cut out. The other end of the rod was hit with a hammer, and an impression of this stamp was obtained on the mug.

Coins were not always round. There were quadrangular, triangular, and completely irregular shapes.

To this day, ancient Greek coins with the image of a turtle or a bull are found in the ground - these are the first coins, they are more than two thousand years old. Such coins with images of sacred animals were minted by priests.
And, it would seem, it couldn’t be simpler: a man cut his piece of gold into small pieces of the required weight, flattened them with a hammer into plates, marked the weight on them and - that’s the end of it! Go to the market and buy what you need!
But it was not there. Not everyone will immediately accept that kind of money. Why should they believe that your record has as much weight as it says on it? And is it pure gold? Is there any copper impurity?

And again it turns out that you need to weigh it and call another person who knows how to find out whether the coin is pure gold or mixed with some other metal.
It was necessary for the coins to be made by someone whom everyone trusted. Such a person would make them, put his own special sign, and everyone would be calm that he is not being deceived, that the coin has as much weight as it is written on it, and that the gold in it is without any impurities, completely pure.

Every nation had such a person as its king, king or prince. Everyone obeyed him and everyone obeyed him.
The minting of coins passed to such rulers.
When this happened, no one any longer had the right to make coins themselves. They were persecuted and punished for this.

COINS BEFORE AND NOW

Of course, at first government money was imperfect and irregular in shape.
But as technology developed and various machines were invented, coins were minted better and better. They were shaped into perfectly regular circles, often with beautiful patterns and inscriptions.

Nowadays very complex designs are embossed on coins. Look at our Russian coins: the coat of arms of Russia is stamped there - a double-headed eagle.
Each state mints its own money. This money has its own weight, its own inscriptions and drawings, its own coat of arms and its own coin names. In Russia these are kopecks, in America cents, in France - centimes, in Germany - pfennigs, and so on.

But it was impossible to get by with gold coins alone, because then they would have to be made too small. After all, if we say, you have to pay for the shoes gold coin in the current two-kopeck coin, then what size should a coin of the same gold be in order to buy a loaf of bread? About the size of a poppy seed?

It is clear that such coins cannot be minted and cannot be used.
Therefore, along with gold, silver and copper coins were used for small payments.

Thus, people gradually, over many years, even centuries, moved from money such as shells, cattle, skins, salt to gold, silver and copper coins.

FAKE COINS

Some dishonest people also secretly tried to make coins. Moreover, others became so skilled that their coins were difficult to distinguish from real ones.
In many countries, counterfeiters were even executed; in others, one or even both hands were cut off so that in the future they could not counterfeit money.
But the most terrible punishment was the pouring into the throat of molten metal, from which counterfeiters made their coins.

THE FIRST COINS IN Rus'

In Russia, money began to be minted under the Grand Duke Vladimir the Saint, at the end of the 10th century. For several centuries, the only money was silver rubles and “hryvnia” (small coins).

Copper money began to be minted in the second half of the 15th century, under Tsar Ivan III, when copper ore was discovered in Russia.
At first, copper money was issued in full and was very large and heavy.

RUSSIAN RUBLE

Dollars, marks, crowns - money with such names exists in several countries. And the ruble is only here in Russia.
It appeared in the 13th century.
How did this happen?

Women in Ancient Rus' loved to wear necklaces made of precious metals around their necks. Such a necklace was called a grivna (mane in Old Slavic means neck). In exchange for the hryvnia they gave a piece of silver of a certain weight. This weight was also called hryvnia.
This piece of silver was made as follows: first, a narrow silver bar silver, and then chopped it into pieces with a chisel - hryvnias, weighing about 200 grams.
These hryvnias were called ruble or simply rubles.
Small coins were made from the ruble, which were called dengi. Denga in Tatar means ringing. After all, at that time Rus' was under the Tatar-Mongol yoke. The Tatar word denga gradually turned into the Russian money.
How did you make the money?

The ruble hryvnia was pulled into a wire and chopped into small pieces. Each piece was then flattened and minted into a coin. Some coins depicted a horseman holding a spear. Such coins were called kopeck coins. These were our first Russian kopecks.

PIATEK-IMPOSTER

Under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, in 1656, copper rubles began to be issued instead of silver ones. While there were few of them, it went away, but then people noticed the deception, and copper rubles began to fall in price. For one silver ruble they began to give twenty-five copper ones.

The authorities paid people in copper rubles, and required taxes to be paid in silver. Foreigners completely stopped taking copper rubles. There began to be a strong increase in the cost of copper bills.

Six years after the release of copper rubles, due to high prices and hunger, a popular uprising broke out, known in history as “ copper riot" The people demanded the exchange of copper rubles for silver ones, and when they were refused, they broke into the mint and destroyed it.

The people were pacified, the instigators were executed, but copper rubles were still issued.

So unsuccessfully the copper nickel decided to become a ruble. The people exposed the impostor and returned him to his original place.

Since then, copper began to be used for minting only small change coins.

WHAT IS A BANK?

Since the coins appeared, trade has been very brisk. The merchants were getting richer, and the further they went, the more money they had. They began to fear for their capital. No matter how they hid their bags of gold in chests and basements, no matter how they buried them in the ground, no, no, they would steal such a bag from someone, and even kill the owner.

And wealthy people began to deposit their money in a bank or treasury. This is a place where money is stored in special safes and is strictly guarded.
Yes, and there are benefits from this. Previously, extra money lay in the basement and did not bring any benefit, but now the bank, in addition to saving it, also pays you for it.
You put 100 rubles in the bank, and after a year you can get 110 rubles. As they say, the bank pays interest.
And he pays because he benefits from the money that is deposited.
He will develop some kind of business with them, build a toy factory or open a new circus.
From all this, big profits are obtained, which means you can pay interest.

PAPER MONEY

To those who deposited money for safekeeping, the treasury, for the sake of order, issued special certificates, paper receipts on which it was written how much money was accepted. You could always get your money back using this receipt. You had to repay a debt to someone - you go to the treasury, take the money and pay.
Or you can do it even simpler: give the receipt to the person you owe it to, and he can receive it himself.
It also happened that the one who received such a receipt in payment of a debt was himself in debt. He also did not go to the treasury, but paid with a receipt.
And everyone accepted it, because they knew: with it you can always get gold from the treasury.
And it is more convenient to handle paper than metal money.
And such pieces of paper began to circulate more and more and were used instead of money.
The state, too, if there was excess gold, did not put it into circulation, but stored it in basements and issued receipts instead of gold.
This was also done because coins, especially gold ones, wear out from frequent passing through hands, become lighter, and already cost less than new ones.
This is how paper money came about.

They are now printed on special paper with watermarks. If you look at such paper in the light, you will see patterns or numbers on it, or even a person’s face. This is what watermarks are. Such paper is made by the government to prevent someone else from printing counterfeit money.

WHAT IS INFLATION?

Everything was fine with paper money as long as the state issued it, having gold for which it could always be exchanged. That is, as they say, it issued money backed by gold.
But it often happens that the state needs to pay a lot of money, but it doesn’t exist.
This happens, for example, during a war or during some troubles in the country.
Where can I get the money? And so the government begins to issue paper money without gold backing.
At first it’s okay, but the further you go, the worse it gets.
Someone needed gold for some reason. A man goes to the bank to exchange paper money for gold, but no such luck! The law, they say, was recently issued: do not exchange! Came another time, a third time - the same story!
And it immediately became clear that the state was not exchanging paper money for gold.
Those who had gold in their hands begin to hide it. And only pieces of paper remain in circulation. And besides, there are more and more of them, because the war is going on, the state needs money all the time, and it prints it as much as necessary.

Once it appeared among people more money, which means everyone can buy more. But during this time they did not produce more goods than before, but quite the opposite. There were fewer of them because many people and factories began to work for the army.
Therefore, everyone is happy to pay even more to buy the right thing.
And goods are now starting to rise in price.
But as soon as this happens, workers and employees demand an increase in wages, the peasant asks for more money for his bread, and the government has to issue even more paper money.
And this also makes goods more expensive, and therefore requires an even greater issue of paper money.
And with each issue of such paper money not backed by gold, they become more and more cheaper and depreciate. This is called inflation.
Of course, the state needs a lot of money. He has large expenses: for schools, hospitals, the army and much more. Where will you get the money for all this if you don’t constantly issue it?
The state takes money in the form of various taxes, in the form of income from the operation of plants and factories, from the sale of oil and gas to other countries.
Therefore, in order for money not to become cheaper, everyone needs to regularly pay taxes to the state.
We need factories to work well, producing many of the items we need. We will buy them and thereby return money to the state.

UNUSUAL PAPER

I'm just a piece of paper. But unlike other pieces of paper, they don’t tear me up or throw me in the trash. They don't even write on me.
On the contrary, they take great care of me and are reluctant to part with me.
I remember when I came into this world, I found myself in the hands of an important and rich man. He had a lot of these papers, my sisters. Everyone pleased this man, fawned over him, precisely because he had a lot of such pieces of paper. He was a banker. But one day bandits raided his house. They killed the banker and took all the papers.
I ended up in the pocket of a bandit from the Solntsevo group. He had a shaven head, drove a Mercedes and wore mobile phone. One day, as he was leaving the casino, he was shot by other bandits. All the papers, including me, were taken by the police. She then gave them to the city treasury, which handed them over to the orphanage. Children who have no parents live and study in this house.
Because I was an important piece of paper, the orphanage exchanged me for many toys. Now children have dolls, trains, and inflatable balloons. I'm very glad that I finally brought some benefit to someone. I don't want people to fight and kill each other because of me.
Yes, I forgot to introduce myself: I am a five-thousand-dollar piece of paper. That is, the number 5,000 (five thousand) is drawn on me. And if you meet me, know that I want to bring only benefit to people.

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Since the emergence of the first business relations between people, money as the main instrument of mutual settlements began to gradually take over the world. Today, improving one’s well-being is a natural need of every adult, because the lack of financial stability deprives one of the opportunity to enjoy many of the benefits of civilization.

When paying in a store or online for a certain service in a particular currency, few people ask the question of its origin. Nevertheless, there are some facts about money that, at a minimum, can cause surprise, and at a maximum will force you to look at the monetary aspect of human life in a completely different way.

1. One of the most ancient forms of money is cattle. Depending on the region, cows, sheep, camels and other animals were used for calculations. The counting was carried out on the heads of animals, which were called “caput” (translated from Latin - head). This term became the prototype of modern “capital”.

Cattle - the first "money" in history

2. The Romans made their first money in the temple of the goddess of family, good advice and predictions of Juno Coins. This is where the name comes from monetary unit, which in most countries is used as a change for large paper bills. By the way, people still use coins to accept certain decisions and receiving tips by tossing them up and choosing “heads or tails.”

Goddess Juno Statue Coins

3. The first who began to depict a person on money were the Macedonians. This honor was given to their greatest commander, who himself ordered the minting of coins with his image.

4. During times Ancient Greece rulers of Sparta for a long time Heavy metal rods were used as monetary units, despite the fact that “normal” money was already in circulation in neighboring countries. This was done so that the Spartans did not have a desire to get rich, did not steal and did not give bribes.

5. The first non-cash payment can be dated back to the times of chivalry. Not wanting to carry additional cargo with them and fearing being robbed along the way, each knight had a ring with a personal seal, with which he paid at the tavern. Later, the innkeeper visited the knight's estate and presented the bill to his client.

6. In the 12-13th centuries. in England there was a special tax on cowardice, which all knights who did not want to fight on the side of the king were obliged to pay. Initially, the amount of the fee was symbolic, but with the coming to power of King John, the amount of the tax increased sharply. In addition, it had to be paid even in peacetime.

7. Almost simultaneously with the advent of the modern analogue of money (in paper and coin versions), the problem of counterfeits arose. It was especially pronounced during the American Civil War of 1895, when almost half of the money in the country was counterfeit. This situation led to the creation of the US Secret Service, whose main task was to combat counterfeiters.

8. The attitude towards counterfeiters has always been quite strict. For example, the ancient Chinese cut out the hearts of those who tried to counterfeit imperial paper money, and the British in 1817 hanged 313 people from whom counterfeit banknotes were seized.

9. Very often money becomes the reason for abuse. Thus, the Danes cut the noses of the Irish who refused to pay taxes.

10. The term “bankruptcy” comes from the Italian phrase “banca rotta”, which literally translates as “broken bench”. The fact is that during the formation of banking, the main monetary transactions (loan, exchange) were carried out on an ordinary bench, which was located in a public place. If the "banker" did not have enough funds to meet his obligations, his bench risked being broken.

11. The most ancient banks were considered to be religious temples, where people kept their own funds for mutual settlements - grain and precious metals

12. There are over 1.5 million ATMs in the world (one is even present in Antarctica). The most popular day for withdrawing cash is Friday.

13. The largest mint in the world is located in Philadelphia. It is capable of producing 1.8 million currency units per hour, 32 million per day and 13.5 billion per year.

14. According to research, more than 90% of cash contains pathogenic microbes on its surface. This is another reason for the growing popularity of non-cash transactions and online payments.

15. Coin production is waste-free since worn units are recycled and reused in coin production. Naturally, this approach is not used for banknotes; in this case, the “waste material” must be crushed and subsequently used for other purposes.

16. The basis of modern paper money is not paper at all, but fabric, consisting of 25% linen and 75% cotton. That's why she's so strong. For a banknote to tear, it is necessary to perform 4,000 double bends (back and forth).

17. The idea of ​​​​creating a credit card belongs to Frank McNamara. After a businessman was unable to pay for dinner at a restaurant due to lack of funds, he thought it would be nice to be able to borrow money anytime and anywhere.

18. The first credit cards were introduced in the 20s of the last century. At first, hotels began to use them, offering clients to book a room without the need for instant payment. A little later, this initiative was picked up by stores and gas companies.

19. – the most popular person among money designers. Her image is used on banknotes of more than 30 countries.

20. The most common name for a banknote is the franc. In addition to France, this name is used in 33 other countries around the world. The dollar, used in 27 countries, is in second place.

21. The term “penny” appeared during the times. Then the prince began to be depicted on silver coins holding a spear in his hand, which is why they were often called “spear money.”

22. Modern coins They have a special notch on the end, which is called an edge. Its author is a physicist, mathematician, alchemist and part-time employee of the British Mint. The idea was to make it impossible for fraudsters to discreetly cut off small pieces of metal and subsequently make new money from them.

23. B Dominican Republic Some coins are minted with the image of their own weight, for example 10 cents have the inscription “10 grams”. This feature has a functional purpose - coins are often used as miniature weights.

24. The service life of paper banknotes is not too long - on average it is 3 years. The “long-livers” include the 100 dollar bill, which can be used for 8 years.

25. The movement of the hands of the most famous clock in the world - Big Ben - is regulated by 1 pence. If the clock starts to rush, the chief watchmaker places a coin on the pendulum and thereby decreases the second.

The love of money lives in every modern person. This is a universal remedy that can be spent absolutely at your own discretion and without any conditions. If ordinary commodity exchange implies any framework, then the money-commodity operation has no framework. Interesting Facts about the money of the world will be of interest to any person, because all of humanity has money. First of all, it is worth knowing the history of the formation of the monetary unit. You can consider the appearance of money in stages.

Those who played shopping in the yard as a child remember money in the form of leaves, interesting pebbles, and shells. Today such currency seems ridiculous and unreal. However, among the ancient tribes, the first monetary unit was just beautiful pebbles, interesting bird feathers and somehow processed shells.

Before the first metal coins appeared in ancient Rus', the unit of exchange with eastern merchants was dressed marten skins, hence the name of future coins - “kuna”.

Before the first money appeared in other countries of the world, well-known and needed goods and products acted as currencies. Such products could be coffee, salt, snuff; China was famous for its silks, so they paid with them, and other Asian countries paid with medicinal opium.

In the Aztec civilization, animals and their bones were valued as money.

The Roman Empire became the ancestor of round coins, it was there that metal discs were valued above all else and, through trade, gradually spread throughout the globe.

Money made of paper appeared in China in ancient times. Back then, the Chinese gave paper money a strange meaning - during funerals, money was burned in order to go with the deceased to the afterlife and help him exist there.

The inhabitants of Ancient Greece also used money during burial. They used the obol as money, a silver coin weighing 0.7 grams. One obol was placed in the mouth of the deceased - this was payment to Charon, who transported the soul of the deceased to the other side of the Styx.

The minting of coins began in the Middle Ages, in Lydia. The alloy of silver and gold from which coins were made was called electrum.

Along the edges of modern coins there is an edge - a ribbed surface. The origin of the edge is very interesting - as soon as round minted coins appeared, having an expensive composition of silver and gold, there were many scammers who, using a special tool, cut off the edges of the coins and melted the resulting pieces. Thus, the coin looked very shabby, but its value did not decrease. The great scientist Newton proposed brilliant solution- make all coins with a ribbed side surface, small clear lines immediately betrayed any attempts by scammers to trim the money.

In Rus', the hryvnia was the currency. The hryvnia could be divided into 4 parts (rubles), hence the name “quarter” and “ruble”.

A coin worth 1 kopeck appeared under Ivan the Terrible; in those days, the kopeck bore the image of the Victorious Bearer and a serpent struck by his spear.

Before the Revolution, coins had an image in the form of the state coat of arms. During the Soviet era, coins depicted a coat of arms in the form of the planet Earth, which was surrounded by a wreath with ears of ears.

It is noteworthy that the most interesting facts about the world’s money were included in the book of records.

So, in Canada they made coins with images of dinosaurs. During daylight hours, a dinosaur is visible on the coin, and when darkness falls, the skeleton of an ancient animal glows on the coin. Unfortunately, these coins have no value in everyday use; they are of interest only to collectors, since only 25 thousand of them were issued.

In the modern world, the coin with the highest denomination is considered to be the Turkish coin, it costs 100,000 liras.

For more than a century the ten-kopeck coin Russian coin does not change its size even by a millimeter.

Typically, banknotes feature portraits of famous men. In the history of the United States, there is only one known case of placing a woman’s portrait on a banknote. In 1896, Martha Washington was featured on the dollar bill.

The most famous and richest drug lord Pablo Escobar did not stint for the sake of his own child and, hiding in the mountains with his daughter, kept her warm, burning 2 million dollars for this.

The modern world needs cash less and less; they are being successfully replaced by virtual wallets and credit cards, but we should not forget about the popularity of cash at any time.

An important and integral tool of modern society is money passing through great amount hands The average person, treating them as a means of calculation, does not even think that he is involuntarily touching history. In this article we will look at the most interesting facts about money.

Interesting things about money: how it all began

The very first coins made from an alloy of silver and gold (called electron) appeared in Libya in the 7th century BC. e. The first paper money was introduced in China due to a shortage of raw materials for making copper coins. An amazing fact about money: paper bills were originally used in burial ceremonies for the dead. They were burned at the stake near the grave, believing that in this way they would go to another world, where they would significantly make life easier for those who had passed on to the next world.

Paper money appeared in mass use much later. The greed of the rulers and the understanding of the possibility of printing an unlimited number of pieces of paper with designs led to their depreciation; the cost of candy wrappers decreased almost 70 times, which forced copper coins to be reintroduced into circulation.

China is a land of romantics

Amazing fact about money: in modern China, paper bills are a great way to find your other half. To do this, girls and boys who are in search write on them their data and desired requirements for a partner, after which they put the money into circulation. Unfortunately, the most popular pieces of paper in the world are also the dirtiest bills, containing about hundreds of thousands of microbes on their surface.

First money

There are such interesting facts about money: in ancient times, items that were of the highest value during their era were used for settlement transactions: stones, shells, bird feathers, dog teeth, pig tails, dried fish, glass beads, cocoa beans, tea bars, tobacco, corn and rice grains, livestock. In Ancient Rus', when trading with eastern countries, marten skins were used (which served as the name for the kuna coin), in China - pieces of silk, and in Asia - opium.

With the development of civilizations, commodity barter became more inconvenient, then the exchange of products began to be carried out for

The history of the origin of round coins

What other interesting facts about money are there? Modern coins have the familiar round shape. However, this was not always the case. During excavations in Ancient Greece, thin strange rods were discovered, similar in weight and size. They were also depicted on frescoes of the past period, and, as scientists have established, these were precisely ancient Greek coins. The knitting of such coins had a certain value, fit tightly into the palm and had the name “drachma”, which has survived to this day.

The familiar round shape of coins came from Ancient Rome, where they were printed in the Temple of Juno. At first, images of goddesses were minted on them, which over time changed to images of emperors - great ones who contributed to the development of their country.

It was not customary to place images of living rulers, although he did not consider this a bad sign, ordering his own image to be minted on money.

Russia: its own history of money

In Russia, as in other countries, before the advent of paper money there were regular coins. The history of Russia has preserved many amazing facts about money. Here is one of them: when Lomonosov was paid a bonus of 2000 rubles, he needed to hire workers with carts to transport it, because the total weight of the reward was approximately 1 ton.

The history of the origin of the familiar word “kopek” is interesting. In ancient times, on minted coins with a denomination of less than a ruble, people were depicted with a spear in their hand. Such money, at the behest of Ivan the Terrible, began to be called kopeck money, and then acquired the name familiar to everyone. The kopeck today is considered the smallest coin in denomination, but under Peter I there was a coin of a lower denomination. It was equal to 1/8 of a kopeck, weighed 0.17 grams and was called a half-half. The most large coin(copper ruble) weighing 1.636 kg was issued in 1725 during the time of Catherine I. There is such an amazing fact about money that in Sweden the heaviest coin weighed 19 kilograms and was issued in the 18th century. It had a rectangular shape, and at its corners there were imprints of the royal seal.

How much does a million dollars weigh?

Almost every person has at least once imagined himself as the owner of a million dollars. So, amazing facts about money suggest that if future wealth is put on a scale, then in hundred dollar bills its mass will be 10 kilograms, and in one-cent coins - 246 tons. And if you gradually accumulate coins, which is what almost all the children on our planet do, then you can pour out the peace bells, as was done by Japanese children. One of them is installed in New York.

The most surprising fact about money is that it is unnecessary. In 1923, in Germany, during a period of hyperinflation, money completely lost its value and was worth so little that it was used to cover walls instead of wallpaper or give it to children to play with.

1. For the production of paper money, linen and cotton are used in a ratio of 1:3, which determines the strength of the product, which can withstand 400 double folds.
2. About 1/3 of the world's population lives on less than $2 a day, and more than a billion people spend less than $1 a day.
3. In Canada, the first banknotes were playing cards. And in Russia, at the beginning of the 19th century, money made from seal skin was released into circulation and was in circulation until 1826.
4. According to rough estimates, there are about 845 billion dollars in circulation around the world.
5. The first woman depicted on the money, and the only one of its kind, is Martha Washington, whose portrait adorns the $1 denomination.
6. Money facts state that the average life of a banknote is 7 years and 4 months.
7. The plastic credit card was invented in 1949 by Frank McNamara while having dinner at a restaurant. The idea of ​​not carrying large quantities with him, but replacing them with a card, came to mind when Frank did not have enough cash to pay for dinner.
8. The most unusual name had a Venetian coin dating from the 16th century - “newspaper”. Conventional printed publications began to be called that much later. The cost of the first news printed on paper was equal to one newspaper.
9. The largest banknote was the $100,000 bill. It was released in 1934 for the purpose of use in large banking operations. By the way, the $ sign was invented in 1788 by Oliver Pollock. In the United States, the most popular are 1- and 20-dollar bills; in the rest of the world, $100 bills are preferred. The most common franc in the world is used in 34 countries.
10. There is the following amazing fact about money: out-of-circulation and obsolete banknotes in Russia serve as raw materials for the production of roofing felt, and in Germany they are also used to produce fertilizers.

Such interesting facts about money give rise to reflection on the unusualness and multifaceted history of a common means of payment.