The concept of a beaten field in chess. Rule for capturing a pawn on an aisle

Chess chess clock, chessboard, initial arrangement chess pieces Number of players 2 Age range 5+ Setup time Typically 10 60 seconds Game duration 10 seconds 7 hours * Rule complexity ... Wikipedia

Chess chess clock, chessboard, initial arrangement of chess pieces Number of players 2 Age range 5+ Setup time Typically 10 60 seconds Game duration 10 seconds 7 hours * Complexity of rules ... Wikipedia

Chess chess clock, chessboard, initial arrangement of chess pieces Number of players 2 Age range 5+ Setup time Typically 10 60 seconds Game duration 10 seconds 7 hours * Complexity of rules ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Chess (meanings). Chess chess ... Wikipedia

Marseille chess is a variant of chess in which each player moves his pieces twice per move. The rules of the game were first published in 1925 in Marseille in the local newspaper Le Soleil. This variant of chess became very popular in the end... ... Wikipedia

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• Chess for children. Educational fairy tale in pictures. Federal State Educational Standard, Maria Vladimirovna Fominykh, Maria Fominykh - international grandmaster, Russian and European champion among girls, author of children's books on chess, coach, organizer of chess tournaments, journalist.... Once upon a time there lived... Category:

Just a month and a half ago, all countries and continents celebrated. This year it was celebrated for the fifty-first time. And until now, interest in this game has not waned. But what is chess? Is it a sport, an art or a game? One of the opinions says that this is, after all, a science, the basis of which is logic, because chess is a triumph of reason, which can also give aesthetic pleasure. In this article we will try to understand what the concept of “capturing en passant” means in this interesting game. How is this done and what does it give the chess player?

Broken field

Before we figure out what it is to capture a pawn on an aisle, let’s get acquainted with one more term in chess. The broken field has a direct, direct bearing on our question. This square is what is attacked by the enemy's pawn vertically in front of your pawn, which is in the initial position. You can make a move through a broken field. But this is how the opponent gets the right to take the pawn in the same way as if it had been moved only one square.

One field or two?

So, back to our question - taking on the pass. What do the rules of chess say? Capturing on a captured square means that the pawn has a special move, thanks to which it has the right to take the enemy’s pawn, which has been moved to two squares at once. It should be noted that what is under attack is not the square on which the second pawn stopped, but the one that it managed to cross. The first pawn is precisely on this beaten or crossed square and completes the capture exactly as if the enemy’s pawn had moved only one square - one square.

These are the rules

This situation can only arise when the pawn is on certain ranks: for white - on the fifth, for black - on the fourth. And the square that the enemy's pawn crosses is under attack. Taking a pawn from an opponent is only possible if this is done immediately as soon as it is moved two squares.

A capture on the pass in chess (these rules have been discussed for a long time) is lost if it is not made by a counter move. And this will happen with every new batch.

If you delve a little into history, you can find out that capturing on the pass and breaking the square became established in chess six centuries ago. And this was at the same time as the rule according to which it was allowed to make the first move with a pawn, and not one, but two squares forward. The rationale for this rule is very simple: a pawn cannot move absolutely freely, provided that the passage field is under complete control of the enemy, without fear of being “eaten.”

The same important move

The most important. An en passant capture in chess is a special move by one pawn, the most important, in which it can hit the opponent's pawn, which has been moved two squares. After all, it is known that a pawn can make its first move in the game two squares forward. That is, she jumps over one field.

On the “line of fire” it turns out to be completely different from the square where the second pawn stopped, but precisely the one that was crossed by it. The first pawn will complete its capture precisely on this crossed square, just as in the case in which the opponent's pawn moved only one square. This has already been mentioned a little higher.

So. Visually it will look like this:

A black pawn hits a white pawn, while standing on the beaten square, and not where the white pawn was (this happens with normal attacks). It is possible to capture en passant only on the next move, because later this right does not apply.

Some conditions and rules that must be followed

On the aisle, only the pawn is allowed to be captured. Despite the fact that the queen moves on two squares vertically, it is not allowed to capture pieces on the pass.

No piece other than a pawn can capture on an en passant. This, one might say, is an exclusive right, and it belongs exclusively to the pawn.

The opportunity to hit on the pass is used to move this very pawn. In other words, the next move. And nothing else. Otherwise, the opportunity is lost.

Since there are as many as eight pawns, it is theoretically possible to capture en passant as many as eight times. Only this applies to different figures.

And it is absolutely not necessary to hit on the pass. That is? There are situations when taking a pass turns out to be a serious mistake. What does it mean?

Taking on the pass. Playing effectively does not mean that it is effective

Almost any beginning chess player is sure that an en passant capture will be a very bright start to the game. But we should not forget that this, like all the others that follow, is just one of many other moves. He is no worse or better than others. And sometimes it can be a huge mistake, just like any other move.

A striking example of this will be the following photo. So:

It clearly shows that Black made a move. And White was tempted by the opportunity to take on the pass.

Unfortunately, White has lost his rook. The game was lost.

In this particular case, taking on the pass was a grave mistake. And there was no need to do this. It was possible not to take the pawn, but to play somehow differently, thereby trying to preserve the chances of winning.

Any chess player - both beginner and professional - should always remember that in this game a move that is spectacular, or simply beautiful, will not in every case be the most correct and best. All the mentioned rules when taking on the pass must always be remembered during each chess game, because otherwise you may encounter the most ridiculous and not very pleasant surprises, or even lose altogether.

In chess, a batted square is a square that is under attack by an opponent's piece or pawn. Usually this chess term refers to the "capture on the pass" rule. captured square – a square attacked by a pawn, vertically in front of the opponent’s pawn, which is in the initial position.

Square e3 – captured by the black pawn.

The expression "beaten square" and the rule on the pass came into play in chess in the 15th century, around the same time as another rule according to which the first move of a pawn was allowed to be made two squares forward.

WITH additional features pawns on chessboard the enemy received the right to take it when crossing the beaten field. An en passant capture is an exceptional situation in chess in which a pawn captures the opponent's pawn and does not take its place.

An en passant capture can occur when the white pawn is in the initial position and the black one is on the fourth rank; in another case: black - in the initial position, white - on the fifth horizontal.

It is possible to move a pawn across a broken square, but the rules allow the opponent to take the pawn as if it had moved one square forward.

Black went 1. … d5. Square d6 is beaten, and White can take the black pawn with his next move: 2. ed+.

The opportunity to capture on the pass remains only in response to the move of this very pawn. If the opportunity is not used, it is lost on the next turn.

On the pass, only a pawn is allowed to be captured. The queen and rook can move along the vertical, but they cannot be captured en passant.

Black move 1. ... Rd5. The black rook passed through the d6 square captured by the white pawn, but White has no right to play 2. ed+.

In the opening, the aisle capture is found in a variation of the Russian game.

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. d4 ed 4. e5 Ne4 5. Q:d4 d5.

After Black's 5th move, White can play 6. ed.

In the French Defense variant, capturing on the pass is possible on the third move: 1. e4 e6 2. e5 d5.

White can play 3.ed

Since each player has eight pawns, it is theoretically possible to capture en passant eight times.

Taking the pass looks impressive, but hitting is not necessary. There are positions where capturing on the pass is a serious mistake.

Black move 1. … e5 2. fe Bd3+ and black wins. The take on the pass turned out to be a grave mistake. Move 2. Ra7 led to quick victory white. As Savely Tartakover wittily noted: “Mistakes exist to be made.”

The expression “broken field” also occurs when castling. You cannot castle if the king passes through a broken square during castling.

White's move. You can do short castling 1. 0-0. White cannot make a long castling, since the d1 square is under attack by the black queen.

Black's move. They can make a long castling 1. ... 0-0-0. Black cannot castle short, since the f8 square is under attack by the white queen.

An interesting incident occurred in the game between G. Gundersen and A. Faul in 1928.

Black's last move was 14... g5, closing against check. After taking 15. hg on the pass, White declared checkmate with a double check.

In chess problems, capturing en passant was first introduced by the famous compiler Adolf Andersen in 1846. En passant capture is used in retrograde analysis, a genre of chess composition in which to complete a task it is necessary to analyze previous moves of a given position.

Problem of F. Amelung, 1897.

In this way, the king will be reliably protected, and his safety can be of less concern.

Castling can be done if the following rules are observed:

Neither the king nor the rook with which castling is being made have made a single move before.

There are no other pieces between the king and the rook.

The king has not been declared in check. That is, if you are declared in check, then castling cannot be done at that moment.

The square over which the king jumps and the square onto which he becomes cannot be penetrated by the enemy pieces.

Castling is considered one move, despite the fact that two pieces take part in it. Castling can only be done once per game.

Taking on the pass.

An en passant capture is a move in which a pawn can hit an opponent's pawn if it has jumped over the captured square. As you remember, from lesson 3. With its first move, a pawn can move two squares forward, that is, jump over one square. If this square is penetrated by the opponent's pawn, then it can capture.

Visually it looks like this:

1) The white pawn has just moved two moves forward. The square she jumped over is penetrated by a black pawn

2) The black pawn knocks down the white one. At the same time he stands on a broken field

Thus, the black pawn hit the white one and at the same time stood on the beaten square, and not on the square where the white pawn stood, as happens with ordinary attacks. In this case, you can capture on the pass only on the next move, otherwise this right is then lost.

This rule is not always taken easily the first time. Read it again :). When I learned to play, I only understood it the second time.

In the next lesson we will repeat the concepts of “checkmate” and “checkmate” and talk about the possible results of a chess game.

Tell me, what if instead of the black pawn shown in Fig. will there be, for example, a black bishop, it has the same rights as a pawn, to capture on the pass? Or does this opportunity exist exclusively for pawns?

Svetlana, the functional meaning is the same as for ordinary strikes. When playing, you need to take into account that you can deliver such blows on the pass. If, for example, a white pawn reaches the 5th line, it does not immediately allow the 2 black pawns to move 2 squares forward, since it will hit them according to the en passant rule.

It is logical to assume that if it exists, it means that it is needed for something, of course, other than the usual capture of a pawn.

Excuse the newbie, but what is the general meaning of “taking on the pass”, what is its functional significance?

Vladimir Alekseich, this is how the white pawn in the diagram moved to the 2nd square forward, only immediately, with its next move, the black pawn can hit the white one on the pass. If Black makes another move instead, then with his next move he will no longer be able to hit on the pass.

“At the same time, you can capture on the pass only on the next move, otherwise this right is then lost.” Next move - after what??

Boris: No, you can’t hit like that. You can capture it exactly when it jumps over one field, which is why it is called “capture on the pass.”

Hello dear friend!

Sometimes in a chess game surprises happen that are not pleasant. Often these are banal “yawns,” but sometimes disappointment is a consequence of ignorance of the basic rules or their incorrect interpretation. Among the latter we can safely include capturing a pawn on the aisle.

On the other hand, knowing the rules and paying attention to them can bring unexpected points to your treasury.

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What is an en route take?in chess

An en passant capture is a move in which a pawn captures a pawn through a broken square.

If a pawn from its initial position (that is, being on the second or seventh rank) moves to two squares at once and the square through which it jumps is hit by an opponent’s pawn (a beaten square), it can be captured by this opponent’s pawn.

It's probably easier to explain with a picture:

After being captured, the pawn moves to the “captured” square. In this case c3 or f6. But not the one that the beaten pawn went to - c4 or f5.

Now some terms and conditions:

Is it possible to capture other pieces on the pass?

On an aisle, it is only allowed to capture a pawn. Also, both the rook and the queen can move onto two squares vertically. So, these pieces cannot be taken on the pass.

Can a piece other than a pawn capture on an en passant?

No, he can not. This exclusive right is granted only to the pawn.

How many times per gamecan I take it on the way?

The opportunity to capture on the pass can only be used in response to the movement of this very pawn. That is, the next move. If the opportunity to take a given pawn on the pass is not immediately used, it is lost.

However, there are eight pawns. That is, in theory, you can take on the passant eight times during the game. Just different pawns.

Beat on the passnot necessary . Moreover, often taking on the pass can be a mistake.

Effective does not mean effective

For a beginning chess player, capturing en passant looks impressive. However, let's not forget that this is just a move. By definition, it is no better or worse than other moves. And sometimes it can turn out to be a mistake. Just like any other move.

Example:

Black made the move 1...d7-d5. White was tempted by the possibility of capturing on the pass:

Now follows 2... Ca7-e3+!

Alas... White loses his rook. The game is lost.

Taking on the pass in this case is a gross mistake. It was possible not to take the pawn, but to play for example 2. Rh6-f6, winning the f7 pawn and maintaining the chance of winning.

Remember that in chess, a beautiful or spectacular move is not always the best.

The price of inattention

It is important not to forget about the rule of capturing on the pass during the game. Otherwise, you may encounter very unpleasant surprises. Or even commit something absurd that costs the party.

Black played 1... b7-b5+ and... White admitted defeat by stopping the clock. And indeed, checkmate is on the board, what questions?

But there is an important question! After 2.a5:b6 who is checkmated?

Checkmate is already black. These are the metamorphoses with the rule of taking on the pass.

More n example. The lack of composure of one player and the attentiveness of another, who skillfully took advantage of the opportunity that presented itself.

White optimistically moved the pawn two squares, rightly judging that they had time to hold off the black pawn with the king. While the black king cannot keep up with the white pawn.

However,

1...b4:a3!

The black pawn takes the white one on the pass and moves to the queen. White can lay down his arms.

I know from experience that such situations act like a cold shower. Chess sometimes they are cruel.

Tasksto take on the pass

Black played e7-e5. Can White take a pawn by passing with a bishop?

Black played d6-d5. Can White take an en passant pawn?

Black made the move d7-d5. Is a white pawn allowed to capture a black pawn en route?

The black rook moves from e7 to e5. Is it possible to capture a rook with a pawn en passant?

Answers to problems

1. Can not. Only a pawn can capture on an aisle
2. Can not. The black pawn does not move from the initial position and does not pass through the broken square
3. Yes you can
4. No you can not. On the aisle you can only capture a pawn

I hope the rules for taking on the pass and description The situations outlined in this article are clear to you. If you have any questions, you are welcome in the comments section.

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