Radio communication with the world of the dead. Combined arms exercise of the armed forces of the USSR "Dnepr" through the eyes of an ordinary participant
This is what was written about the exercises in official reports, and then in books. "Dnepr-67" or simply "Dnepr" is a combined arms exercise of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union. The exercises took place in mid-September 1967. Troops from the Kyiv, Belarusian, Carpathian and other military districts took part in them. The total number of troops was 1.5 million people. The Ground Forces, Air Force, Air Defense Forces and Airborne Forces were represented at the exercises. These teachings were then considered the largest in human history.
The most spectacular action was during which the entire tank division (330 tanks) crossed the Dnieper in its middle reaches, where the river’s width reached 450-500 meters and its depth - three to four meters.
Armadas of military transport aircraft flew to the drop sites. The planes carry large airborne formations of troops. The offensive from the sky is covered by fighter aircraft, and the drop sites are carefully “processed” by bombers.
At the end of the exercise there was a parade. An eyewitness to the parade celebrations writes: “At the airfield near Kyiv there were tanks from horizon to horizon. This was the largest concentration of tanks in human history. There were tanks from four fronts. Apparently there were more than 20 thousand of them. The NATO army, even if it had risked collecting so many tanks on one field, would not have been able to do it, because all Western nations do not have so many. The eerie photograph of the endless ocean of tanks made the rounds of all the newspapers in the world.”
Newspapers then wrote: “Soldiers, sergeants, officers and generals showed high morale, understanding of their tasks and demonstrated their readiness to fulfill their military duty with honor at any time.”
The post contains quotes and photos from a book about the exercises, in the publication of which a great friend of our family, military journalist Vladislav Vasilyevich Stulovsky, at that time the head of the department of the newspaper of the Belarusian Military District, took part. At the end of the 50s, at the beginning of the 60s, he served in Lvov as a military correspondent in the newspaper of the Carpathian Military District. My brother and I were still boys and we loved him very much. He knew how to tell interesting stories about wartime and taught us how to take photographs. His friend wrote about him later in an essay: ... thin, with a high forehead, luxurious brown hair and the profile of a still living Nikolai Ostrovsky... Stulovsky is an enthusiastic person, prone to shocking behavior among his subordinates, but rather verbal, and quite loyal to his superiors. As an editor, Vladislav Vasilyevich had an undoubted positive quality: he sincerely wanted to make the newspaper interesting. In conditions of strict censorship, powerful pressure from political officials who know nothing about the newspaper business, but are in charge self-confidently and harshly, carrying out monstrous instructions from the political education department, this was not an easy task."
This is what Captain Stulovsky looked like back then in 1959 in a civilian suit. Sorry for the quality, but the photo was taken with a youth camera "Smena" more than fifty years ago.
In 1978-1986, he was already a colonel, served as editor-in-chief of the newspaper of the Turkestan Military District and participated in combat operations in Afghanistan. Colonel Stulovsky has been on the front line more than once, sharing soldiers’ bread with commanders, ordinary soldiers, and local residents. Not so long ago, combat veteran V.V. Stulovsky was solemnly presented with a Letter of Gratitude from the Legislative Assembly for his active public work in educating young people in the spirit of patriotism and loyalty to the Motherland. Here is his photo on the day of presenting the honorary award today, in 2011. He lives in Lomonosov near St. Petersburg, almost in his homeland.
He, like me, was at the exercises themselves and then he was very sad that he did not meet with me. A year after these events, Lieutenant Colonel Stulovsky presented our family with a book called “From Minsk to Kyiv” and in the preparation for the publication of which he actively participated.
And here's what it looked like through the eyes of a simple Air Force radio operator. I had already served almost two years out of three. Our 703rd training aviation regiment ChVVAUL (military unit 78733-s) was stationed in Chernigov in the winter of 1967. Pevtsy airfield. The 2nd year cadets did not fly in winter and there was little work. The instructor pilots flew according to their own complex program for class. Well, there are flights in low visibility, strong crosswinds, low clouds, at night, and preferably all of this together. But the weather was usually good and the conscripts mainly cleared snow and chopped ice. But at the school there was a cool club with a good hall, and there for little money you could watch films that were shown in the USSR at the box office. I vividly remember a film that I watched almost completely alone - “Thunder from Heaven” with Jean Gabin and Michel Mercier in the lead roles. The military did not like films that were more or less intellectual. Here is the regimental barracks building in the photo on the far right.
But in the spring, summer and autumn the regiment flew at its field airfields throughout Ukraine. In Gorodnya, Dobryanka, Uman, Konotop, Ivangorod. The Maleyki airfield outside Gorodnyaya was already used as a training airfield, but not for flights, but for training young soldiers in combat steps.Classes lasted 8 hours a day in icy winds on the concrete runway of the airfield. During that flying season, half of our regiment flew in Dobryanka, and the other half in Gorodnya. Before this season, the 702nd regiment with MIG-17 (third year) was stationed in Gorodnya. My radio station was sent to Dobryanka. Here is a satellite map of this area. You can click!
We drove to Dobryanka from Chernigov on our own. The cars are heavy and clumsy. Radio stations, radars, workshops, trucks with junk and weapons. At the end of the road we were surprised by forests. It seemed like we were in the taiga. In the photo this road is 5 km away. from Dobryanka.
We arrived at an unkempt camp in the middle of the forest. Broken barracks and beds. The roofs were covered with moss and flowed during the rains. It took a week to get used to the new way of life. We ran telephone wires along old poles, started up a summer kitchen, and then our L-29s arrived and the usual work began. We got up at 3-30 in the morning. We got dressed by the light of kerosene lamps. lamps There was no electricity at the summer camp. We go along the forest path to the car park. Along the way we collect mushrooms and berries. We eat the berries right away, and cook the mushrooms in the late afternoon for an afternoon snack. We start our rattles manually with crooked handles and drive along the empty lane to its end at Start. There was a large booth with a glass dome in which the flight directors were located. This booth was called a command post (CP).
In the booth sat the flight director, his deputy, navigator, communications officer, duty telephone operator and tablet operators, who, according to locator data, drew on maps the movement of all aircraft in the air. And there were 25 of them at the same time in different flight zones and on a circle near the airfield. They write that once in the air zone of the Pevtsy (Chernigov)-Gorodnya-Dobryanka airfields, the simultaneous presence of more than 50 aircraft of various types was recorded. Under the booth sat a soldier, one of the biggest slobs (there was no easier job in the unit), wearing a straw bril from the scorching sun, who looked through the rangefinder at the landing gear of landing planes and reported upstairs whether the landing gear was extended or not. Yellow-faced cadets flew on L-29 training aircraft, about whom our pilots said: “I see IT flying.” Therefore, they needed an eye and an eye. Next to the booth there were radio support stations R-814 and R-811. Cables from them went to the control point. Here is one of these machines.
At the start there were three of these for different purposes. Each crew consisted of two people: a radio mechanic and a driver. They were on duty without replacement 6 days a week in two flight shifts, and on night flights in three shifts. During night flights, a searchlight with a crew was added to the start. We provided communication with aircraft, locators, long-range and short-range drives, communication with flight boards, which every now and then crossed our flight zones. Without communication, flights are not possible. The call sign of the airfield in Dobryanka was “Spirtovy” and everyone really liked it. But in Gorodnya the call sign was “Chesnochny”. The pilots treated us with some respect, because they understood that their lives depended on us to some extent and did not allow us to be offended over trifles. They only demanded from us a reliable connection, but there was a problem with a button or AWOL on a day off for a couple hours, said goodbye. We also loved the flyers for their cheerful and easy-going nature, which could not be said about our “earthly” commanders. Here I am at the control panel of the R-814 radio station.
Immediately beyond the runway (runway), 100 meters away, was the border between Ukraine and Belarus. Our drivers went beyond the “border” to buy porcini mushrooms. The radio operators couldn’t go because you couldn’t leave the radio station during flights. The place is remote and in half an hour we collected a bucket of porcini mushrooms. Then they were boiled in the same bucket on a blowtorch and eaten sitting in a circle straight from the bucket with the smell of gasoline under the continuous roar of airplanes. And so they lived. Quietly and peacefully. Once a week, at night, they pumped gasoline directly from the fuel tanker from which the personal plane of the Yak-12 commander was refueled.
I flew one of these at the aviation club in Lvov, just like in the regiment, I flew a couple of times, but not far, kilometers. 30. Delivered food to the training ground for our signalmen with a passing plane. The fighter pilot was too lazy to control such a cart and we did not rise above 100 meters. The places were remote and our Yak-12 scared the cows in the forest clearings with its roar.
The cadets bombed this range with bombs and fired missiles without filling at the mock-ups, and from below the navigator guided them to the target via radio communications. The Czech L-29s were jet-propelled and refueled with kerosene. These beauties are in the photo. The photo on the left was taken in Dobryanka. You see plane No. 40. There were 60 of these in the regiment.
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What about gasoline? What is 40 liters compared to 300 tons of various fuels that were spent on flights and their support every week? We washed our uniforms in gasoline and even washed the wheels of our cars with it. There was little water at the start, but there was at least some gasoline. Gasoline in cans was carried that same night to the Galoshevka farm (it is on the map), whose residents glued their galoshes. In every yard there were barrels of aviation gasoline. Galoshes were distributed throughout the Repkinsky district. Next to the farm there was a huge village of Gornostaevka, almost larger than Dobryanka. There our soldiers took moonshine and girls for the evening. An amazing fact. In this wilderness at that time there was not even electricity in the houses, which led to brisk trade between USSR Air Force servicemen and residents of the Repninsky district of the Chernigov region of the Ukrainian SSR. Spare parts for engine generators, gasoline, kerosene, foot wraps, overcoats, etc. They even sold steel plates with cells from an old German taxi strip, which were used by locals for paving yards.
I didn’t go to girls because I didn’t know how to look after them according to local customs. It was customary for them to twist their arms and reach into their bosom. Decent girls resisted and therefore sweated and smelled accordingly. Instead of going to the village, in my free moments I ran into the forests, wandered along the paths and roads, enjoying the freedom. He was not in uniform, but in a tattered technical jumpsuit over his naked body. It was hot and stuffy in our booths from the equipment, batteries and scorching sun. Here I am in my overalls on the grass with flowers next to the start. I’m sitting on the left in the photo. Next to me is the telephone operator on duty. The airfield always smelled of burning jet fuel and wildflowers. If you click on the photo, you can see me completely relaxed. .
At the risk of my life, I climbed onto half-rotten wooden geodetic towers and admired the views of the forest, lying on their platforms.
And then one day I see from the tower that the entire forest is filled with equipment. Tanks, armored personnel carriers and for some reason self-propelled pontoons. There were no rivers in this place.
I return to the camp and see at the railway crossing a column of tanks clanging along the rails and kung trucks. These are booths on wheels. Anything can be in them, even a field general headquarters. I saw one like this at district exercises at the Goncharov Krug training ground. In these kungs there were staff maps and buffets with beer.
By evening, our field airfield was surrounded by missile launchers. Locator antennas stuck out everywhere and armed guards stood. The code guys said that our airfield was the headquarters of one of the sides in the exercises. The first thing the visiting soldiers did was ruin our “business” and our quiet life. They drove fuel trucks straight into the village and poured fuel from the taps into buckets in exchange for moonshine. By evening they had recaptured the girls from our soldiers. Oh, these new military men are such sweethearts, the girls from Gornostaevka probably thought!
The next training flights were cancelled. We were alerted and sent on round-the-clock duty to the distant launch site. They even provided shortwave receivers for listening to the airwaves. We listened to plenty of music then. We had VHF radio stations, on whose waves there was no music at that time. Now it's called FM. But I think that in that wilderness there is no FM even now. Below is a satellite view of the launch in Dobryanka. The runway and taxiways are clearly visible. You can click on the photo.
Terrible activity began at the airfield. The equipment arrived and in one day they built another lane next to ours. Ours was frail and short, for training aircraft, and the new one is generally unpaved. By evening everything froze. It was still quite light. We play cards and listen to music on shortwave and service broadcast on ultrashort waves. Everything is quiet. And then suddenly the voice of the air group commander appears on the air, asking for the MIG-21 regiment to land at our airfield. Nobody was waiting for them. Apparently the headquarters got something wrong, as always, and none of our flight commanders were at the start. And there were no commanders at all. Even some of the super-conscripts. The commander said that their fuel was running low. And I decided to answer myself. He reported that there were no commanders, I was a radio operator, I could turn on the equipment for landing, that the runway was short for the MIG-21, but visually empty. Make the decision yourself! The group commander said, turn on both drives, we sit down.
I asked the drive and the strip lights to turn on urgently, and the guys turned on their equipment, realizing that the minutes were counting. Five minutes later the first MIG appeared. Scout, as expected. He came in to land, landed and released the parachutes. Otherwise he would have crashed. There wasn’t enough runway. Then he taxied to our start along the old taxiways made of tin. He tore the parachutes on the tin, catching them on the curved edges of the taxiway strips. The MIG-21 stood at the edge of the runway and the engine stopped. The pilot came out of the cockpit. He took off his helmet, put on his cap for some reason, broke off a twig from a bush, took it in his hand like a stack and went to the start, patting the stack on his boots. I reported in the form. He calmly listened to the report and sat down in the flight director’s seat. I showed what's what. Well, there are microphones from three radio stations, service telephones, etc.
And then it began. The MIGs landed at intervals of a minute. A real conveyor belt. The MIG-21 regiment then had 50 aircraft! Everyone released parachutes. Many tore them. The planes, under the guidance of an experienced pilot, as it later turned out to be one of the regiment commanders, taxied to the parking lot between taxiing stations. Our lathered commanders arrived. An hour later, everything calmed down and they interrogated me. “What, why and who allowed it?” - You will go to court for abuse of power! But everything worked out. It was almost wartime and the girls from the headquarters told me that the commander of the regiment who had been in an emergency came and put in a good word for me. Unfortunately, he died three days later in a plane crash on his MIG-21. Many planes crashed then. (((:
The next morning, crazy flights began. A squadron of Yak-28 reconnaissance aircraft and other aircraft and helicopters for various purposes arrived. They took off and landed day and night on two short stripes towards each other, without taking into account the direction of the wind. Of course, they took a big risk, but military conditions were created during the exercises. The Air Force had to be able to fly from field airfields, and not just from Vnukovo.
Various planes were in the air around the clock. They flew mostly in regiments, or at least in squadrons. We also saw an armada of military transport aircraft with the largest landing party in the history of exercises in the USSR. They flew over us for two hours, covering the sky.
In the evening I took the duty bus to the unit on official business, and then went on my own to the city and returned late at night. I walked through a deserted sparse forest illuminated by the bright moon. In my hands I had a flexible alloy steel knitting needle, about a meter long, from an L-29 nozzle. We carried them as rapiers or darts for protection against mad foxes. There were a lot of them that fall and they bit a couple of our cadets. But this knitting needle could easily pierce a person. We learned to throw these rapier darts accurately at the target.
Then I entered the strip. There was absolute silence, the full moon hung low and low over the strip and I walked straight towards it. It looked something like the photo below. The aircraft stands to the left and right of the runway were closed and guarded by sentries with machine guns, but the runway was open and I walked along it loudly stomping my boots. The guards will also shoot foolishly or out of spite. The guard company consisted mainly of Roguli and Khachiki. The strip was 2.5 km long. and I didn’t get there soon. My stomping sounded loudly and rhythmically in the night. I arrived. The driver was sleeping, but I couldn’t sleep. There were two sleeping places in the booth - a wide one and a narrow one. They slept on them in their clothes, covered with an overcoat. That night it was my turn to sleep on the wide bench. I turned on the receiver, turned the volume down and listened to music from distant Tirana or Canberra and dreamed about something...
A couple more days passed. In the morning, low clouds hung over the airfield. There were no flights. We are sitting at the start with nothing to do. A TU-16 strategic bomber suddenly falls out of the clouds. Flies low, dropping foil for protection from locators. It passes over our strip a couple of times and again there is silence. After lunch, the cryptographer from headquarters tells us in confidence. - A code message arrived: “The airfield was subjected to a nuclear attack. Stop flights and fold!” The photo shows TU-16.
And that’s it. The greatest teachings in our lives are over! Other people's planes flew away, tanks, armored personnel carriers and cars left. It was impossible to sell gasoline (the locals stocked up for a year in advance), but the girls still returned to our soldiers. Soon the leaves began to fall and we moved for the winter to the city of Gorodnya, which has since become the base for our regiment. Here I am in a fashionable dress uniform already in Gorodnya. But the uniform is also not according to regulations. You see, I’m not wearing a jacket, but an officer’s gabardine tunic. This is to make the girls think that I’m a cadet pilot and driving in my dad’s car.
And now the group "Chizh" with the song "Phantom" about the Soviet pilots who fought in Vietnam. Our senior commanders fought with the Americans in Korea, and some officer-instructors fought with the Yankees in Vietnam. They worked there as instructors. But when things weren’t going well for the students, they showed in practice how to act! The video shows the Phantom F-4 aircraft and our MIG-21, the main rivals in this war!
This happened in the fall of 1992. Late one evening, the phone rang in the bedroom of the American writer Mark Mackie. The writer picked up the phone and, hearing a familiar voice, was extremely surprised. Ridiv, who... died back in 1974, spoke to him. Ridive was involved in radio engineering throughout his life and was considered a recognized expert in the field of sound recording devices.
He told Mark that he had managed to establish a strong connection with the American continent and now he could communicate more often with the writer, whom he knew well during his lifetime. And indeed, from that time on, calls from the world of the dead were often heard in Maki’s house. Apparently, this incident prompted the writer to found the “Union of Researchers of Continuing Life” in 1995, which included a dozen radio engineers.
For the first time, incomprehensible voices were heard in 1921 by the famous Guglielmo Marconi on his yacht in the Mediterranean Sea. He is considered the creator of the first radio receiver in Europe. Marconi always loved to invent and took various radio equipment with him everywhere. Thanks to this, he heard the voices that so amazed him, which were clearly of unearthly origin. Until his death (1937), Marconi secretly worked on creating radio devices capable of receiving information from the past.
Experiments of this kind, starting in 1923, were also carried out by the American Thomas Edison, a famous radio engineer. He believed that there were certain frequencies on which one could communicate.
Increasing the sensitivity of radios has made it possible for more people to hear strange sounds on the air. In 1934–1935, Swedish military counterintelligence radio operators picked up mysterious voices. They then decided that these were coded negotiations between German agents and submarines. It later turned out that there were no German submarines off the coast of Sweden at that time. However, leaked information about mysterious phenomena aroused the interest of the Swedish artist and writer Friedrich Jurgensen. He was so fascinated by the idea of obtaining information about the other world that, having thoroughly studied the radio business, he first recorded these mysterious sounds on film and began researching what he called “the phenomenon of electronic voices.”
Ridiv also studied otherworldly sounds and recorded about 70,000 mysterious voices on film, which sometimes even conducted dialogues with each other. Quite often, even polyglots could not decipher the language in which the dialogues were conducted. Therefore, scientists made the assumption that these speeches were simply encrypted. The deceased in particular began to make inroads into the electronic media field beginning in 1979. Messages from the dead came by fax, their voices were heard in mobile phones, they were found on computer networks, and could appear on television screens.
To explain these phenomena, scientists have put forward a number of hypotheses, for example, that human souls located in near-Earth space communicate with each other at certain radio frequencies. And since these frequencies are constantly changing, fixing them is quite problematic. But such a hypothesis has not yet found serious confirmation, and scientists still continue to puzzle over the mysterious phenomenon of “electronic voices”...
In addition to voices from receivers, the spirits of the dead sometimes show themselves on television screens.
“This happened on February 6, 1990,” writes E. Nikiforova from Novorossiysk. – I was watching TV. Suddenly the screen became covered with stripes, and then a man’s face appeared on it, as if in a haze. It was motionless, something like a photograph. I peered at him and screamed in horror. My brother Misha, who died in 1985, was looking at me point-blank from the screen. After a few seconds, stripes started running across the screen again, and then the TV started working normally again.”
And in 1990, TV viewers in Luxembourg were even able to see a multi-part documentary film dedicated to photographs of ghosts. In particular, it showed 5 photographs of “spirits” that appeared on TV screens. And then one day, during the demonstration of one of the episodes, the motionless face of a pretty girl appeared on the television screen. The owner of the TV used a camera in time, photographed the image and handed it over to the police. A little later, a photograph of this girl, published several years before this incident in a local newspaper, was found in the archive. The text accompanying the photo said that the girl left her house one day and did not return.
When the filmmakers showed an old newspaper with a photograph printed in it and an image that appeared on the TV screen, hardly anyone doubted the identity of both faces...
He holds the record for the number of voyages in the Arctic On "Sadko" - to high latitudes The most famous ship radio operator among the sailors of the North and polar explorers of the 30s and 40s, hereditary Arkhangelsk resident Evgeniy Nikolaevich Girshevich (1900-1980) is, perhaps, the record holder for the number of voyages in the Arctic. He participated in 12 polar expeditions and walked along the entire Northern Sea Route in both directions five times. The leaders of the most important Arctic voyages tried in every possible way to get this most experienced radio operator, an excellent expert on ship radio equipment of that time and an extremely conscientious worker. And in his declining years, Evgeniy Nikolaevich wrote interesting memoirs about his voyages and about meetings with people whom the whole country knew before the war. They are undoubtedly of interest for the history of the development of the Soviet Arctic. It so happened that the extensive personal archive of E.N. Girshevich ended up in Severodvinsk at the beginning of 2001. And we considered it useful to introduce some materials to our readers. On July 6, 1935, the residents of Arkhangelsk, already accustomed to sending many important scientific expeditions on Arctic voyages, escorted the icebreaking steamer “Sadko” on a long voyage. This ship, which had lain at the bottom of Kandalaksha Bay for seventeen years, was raised and put into operation in 1934. The first Soviet high-latitude expedition sailed to the uncharted regions of the Arctic on the Sadko. It was headed by the famous polar explorer G.A. Ushakov, and the scientific director was the famous polar scientist N.N. Zubov. The goal of the expedition was to penetrate as far as possible into the polar sea region and explore the huge “white spots” that still remained on the maps north of Spitsbergen, Franz Josef Land and in the northern part of the Kara Sea. In addition, the expedition to “Sadko” was supposed to support the flight of pilot S.A. with its reports and weather forecasts. Levanevsky through the North Pole to America. (The latter circumstance, due to the failure of this first attempt at a transcontinental flight by Levanevsky, who was forced to return after passing Franz Josef Land due to a malfunction in the aircraft’s oil system, is rarely mentioned in historical descriptions of the Sadko campaign in 1935). But this additional task further complicated the hard work of the Sadko radio station and its senior radio operator E.N. Girshevich. Evgeniy Nikolaevich was appointed to the "Sadko" at the personal request of the head of the expedition G.A. Ushakov, who knew him since the time of the joint voyage on the "Sedov" in 1930 to Severnaya Zemlya. There were two more radio operators subordinate to Girshevich: S. Ivanov and A. Mikhailov. In this historic voyage, which there is no need to describe in detail, “Sadko”, in free navigation, reached a record latitude of 82 degrees 41 minutes. During 85 days at sea, the ship under the command of captain N.M. Nikolaev covered 6,500 miles, of which 3,200 miles were beyond the 80th parallel. A huge amount of research was done, 107 complex oceanographic stations were built. But during this voyage, another record was set - a ship radio exchange record. Keeping a round-the-clock watch, the Sadko radio operators received and transmitted during the voyage 314,350 words of radiograms of synoptic reports, scientific reports, operational radio communications and correspondence to 23 newspapers of the country, which closely followed the high-latitude expedition. This meant that the Sadko radio station received and transmitted 4,490 words per day. This has never happened before in the practice of ship radio exchange! In his memoirs, E.N. Girshevich writes that he had never encountered such a stressful work schedule before. She was highly praised by the head of the expedition to the Sadko, G.A. Ushakov, who said: “Truly, we can say that the radio room of the icebreaker was the heart of all the operational work of the expedition.” In the memoirs of E.N. Girshevich there are descriptions of the most striking episodes of this expedition. Here are some of them. At the beginning of the voyage, after making cuts in the Greenland Sea, “Sadko” called at Barentsburg on Spitsbergen for bunkering and replenishment of fresh water. And here, as E.N. Girshevich writes: “Residents of our colony in Barentsburg met We are warm, welcoming and hospitable. But they saw us off even more warmly and sincerely for the further completion of the task. At the rally they presented us with a huge 32-kilogram cake with an artistically made model of “Sadko” on it. They carried him aboard the ship on a stretcher. The cake was made by the famous Barentsburg culinary specialist Comrade. Gold. It was tested by the entire crew of the ship and the expedition's scientific staff." During the Sadko expedition, E.N. Girshevich had a new meeting with an old acquaintance, the famous polar pilot M.S. Babushkin. They became friends back in 1926 on the island of Morzhovets, from where Babushkin, for the first time in the history of hunting in the White Sea, flew in search of seal deposits. At Sadko, M.S. Babushkin led an air group consisting of two small amphibious aircraft. The flights of the pilots greatly contributed to the success of the expedition. E.N. Girshevich writes about it this way: - Gennady Vlasov became Mikhail Sergeevich’s second pilot. The planes were adapted both for takeoff from water and from ice fields. They flew one by one. Babushkin is usually with Ushakov and the captain of the ship N.M. Nikolaev. Air reconnaissance in many ways helped to find an easier passage in the ice. Radio operator E.N. Girshevich again notes the attractive human features of the famous pilot: “Here too, Mikhail Sergeevich quickly gained authority and great respect among the crew of the ship and the scientific expeditionary staff as a seasoned experienced pilot and as wonderful person. It was not noticeable in his manner that he divided people into ranks - be it a sailor or a fireman - he always spoke with his characteristic light smile on his face. In his free time, he was very fond of games, especially when the ship was anchored in ice. I often fought with him at billiards - he always tried to gain an advantage over me. I won’t hide that I played well, and I had few opponents on the ship.” “Sadko” returned to Arkhangelsk on September 28, 1935. As a result of the expedition’s work, extremely valuable and important material was collected, which made it possible to reveal the mechanism of the processes occurring in the Polar Basin E.N. Girshevich ended up in his native Arkhangelsk. But his stay on the shore was short-lived. The next year, 1936, he had a new voyage ahead of him, which would go down both in the history of Arctic exploration and in the history of the Soviet Navy. This was a voyage along the Northern Sea Route on the Litke ice cutter.
A memorial plaque immortalizing the names of students from class 10A of 1941, who went to the front with their teacher, was unveiled on Saturday at Moscow school No. 188.
Alexandra Ivanovna Anisimova graduated from this school, who at the age of 17 went to the front as a partisan radio operator and later became the prototype of the radio operator Kat from Yulian Semenov’s novel “Seventeen Moments of Spring.” Her fate largely inspired the school team to create the Museum of Military Glory of Partisan Radio Operators, the only one in Russia and, perhaps, in the world.
All school students helped to find and restore the names of volunteers who died during the Great Patriotic War, Tatyana Slovak, head of structural unit No. 188 of educational complex No. 1501, told a TASS correspondent.
“We already have one memory board: on it are the names of school pupils from different years who died in the war, about whom we were able to find information. On the board that we are opening today are the names of graduates of class 10A of 1941. This year we have There was a special project underway in which we were looking for everything we could find about the Class of 1941. All of our students from grades 5 to 11 participated in it. The last date that our 1941 graduate is mentioned is 1943. His classmates died earlier, in 1941-1942," Slovak said.
No one is forgotten
The search for information about the class of 1941 began with the idea of creating a school museum.
And one of those who agreed to help was a student of that same 10A, graduated in 1941, Viktor Evgenievich Titov. He and his classmate, who later became his wife, Margarita Sergeevna, told what they remembered about their schoolmates. According to the director of school No. 188, Tatyana Slovak, the search for information was not easy, with requests to the archive, business trips, during which the burial places of several students from 10A were found. “In the fall, we want to go to the mass grave and reburial sites of some of our graduates,” Slovak noted.
The opening of the memorial plaque was timed to coincide with the 80th anniversary of the educational institution. The history of the school, which opened in house No. 14 on 3rd Samotechny Lane in 1936, is inextricably linked with the fates of many participants in the Great Patriotic War, its teachers and students.
“The museum opened in 1977. All partisan radio operators were terribly classified. It was impossible to find any information. They carried out special missions in Moldova, the Baltic states, Czechoslovakia, and under no circumstances could they tell anyone anything, even after the war. We We have been collecting materials since 1973. In 1976, veterans visited us for the first time, and in 1977 the museum officially opened,” said Inna Vinogradova, a graduate of school No. 188, a teacher of physics, mathematics and astronomy, and the school’s director in 1984-2008.
The museum's exposition is located in a small office on the first floor of the school. However, the museum’s collection has long been unable to fit into one room, says school director Tatyana Slovak. On the walls there are stands with black and white photographs of radio operators and their commanders, in the display cases there are front-line letters, military awards, books, and personal belongings of soldiers of the invisible front.
“Helmets, military household items and ammunition, awards, shells, military weapons, and most importantly, the speaker and portable radio station “Belka” are genuine. Our guys brought them from their expeditions to places of military glory, from the Moscow region, Belarus,” continues our mini-tour to the school director.
Lessons are held in the museum; children perform tasks related to the history of their family and the Great Patriotic War. “We had a competition of combat sheets. Students found various information about the partisans and places of battle, found letters from their great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers, and used these letters in their works,” says Slovak.
Pupils come into the museum every now and then - preparations for the celebration in honor of the school's anniversary are in full swing. Some will stop to look at the fragile gray-haired woman who is talking with one of the teachers in the center of the room. Her name is Maria Petrovna Kolmogorova, and she is a partisan radio operator.
“We devoted 40 years to this museum. Every year such work was in full swing here. My “Severok” is also kept in the museum - a receiver and transmitter, with the help of which I established communication between the detachment and the headquarters of the partisan movement,” says Maria Petrovna.
How did it happen that you became a partisan radio operator?
I was 16 years old when the war began. I already took a drawing and design course on 25 October Street, now Nikolskaya. I also worked at the Red Proletary plant. I was a loader there. For two years I loaded shells for the front. One box - with two mines - weighed 32 kg. It was necessary to quickly load a small carriage with 700 boxes. When Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya died (in November 1941), Stalin said to expand the partisan movement. But we were patriots. And so I worked at the factory from 8 am to 8 pm, and then went to the street. October 25, where there was a DOSAAF school and we attended radio operator courses there. And then Major Bogomolov came to us from the Saratov school. They were selected for training as signalmen. This is how I ended up in Saratov at the special school of the USHPD (Ukrainian Headquarters of the Partisan Movement), which was evacuated from Krasnodon (a city in the Lugansk region in Ukraine). There we learned everything - we shot and built huts.
Where did you complete your assignments?
I participated in three tasks. The first is in the Carpathians in Romania. We were defeated then, and I wandered alone for five days, “saving my beloved radio.” Secondly, from the headquarters of the partisan movement at the 2nd Ukrainian Front, we were distributed into detachments and formations, some where. And the third is in Czechoslovakia. After all, we are technicians, cryptographers, and radio operators. Previously, when the war just started, they sent three, and someone always died. So we were three in one. I am a technician, everything worked for me, and an encryptor, only I knew the secrets, the commander did not know, he gives it to me, and I encrypt. And the radio operator.
Was it scary?
Anyone who says that war is not scary knows nothing about war. Here is the front line, shelling is underway, and everyone is alive. And then from there with mortars, and from here, and only blood, everyone died. I was just in touch, I have two horses, Mashka and Vaska, who carried radio stations and food for them. And when we started to leave, a shell exploded in front of us, we just passed, and there was an explosion behind us. And I'm alive. Fate.
(We flip through the album with photographs, suddenly on the page there is a photo next to the TASS building on Tverskoy Boulevard)
Where did you get this photo from?
- And I worked at ITAR-TASS.
- How? Are you from TASS?
- Yes.
- And we are from TASS.
- That's the meeting! Dear people!
- When did you work at the agency?
From 1957 to 1986. After my husband, a military man, was laid off under Khrushchev, he and I returned from Aleksin, where he served, to Moscow. And I find out that some partisans work for TASS. That's how I got into the agency. She worked as a communications operator. I visited Finland, India, and France. I saw so much, thank you.
- Thank you too.
Say hello to TASS!
- We'll definitely pass it on.
Here Maria Petrovna began to smile again. Her friend and comrade-in-arms in the partisan movement, Margarita Pavlovna Kalashnikova, entered the museum, and then Dmitry Vasilyevich Kuznetsov, with whom Kolmogorova studied first in Moscow, then in Saratov and went through the entire war. “So he is not only a radio operator, but also a sapper,” she said.
“We have proven that partisan radio operators should be treated with the same respect as other war veterans,” emphasized museum curator Inna Vinogradova. She added that in the 1977-1980s, about 500-800 partisan radio operators came to school No. 188 annually from all over the Soviet Union.
From tank levels 6-7, pumping up equipment begins to require a huge amount of experience. It is from this moment that it becomes important to choose the right direction of development for the crew. After all, you will not only have time to increase his experience to 100%, but also upgrade additional skills. Today we will look at perks such as Radio Interception and Eagle Eye, as well as their synergies.
Skill system
Before deciding which perk is better - "Eagle Eye" or "Radio Interception", you need to carefully study the game. The fact is that according to the skill system in WoT, the crew can learn absolutely all skills. Thus, there is no point in choosing "Radio Interception" or "Eagle Eye". You just need to decide which skill you need first. It is worth considering that for each subsequent skill you need twice as much experience. Therefore, determining the priority order is very important.
You also need to understand that these skills are not mutually exclusive and their bonuses are cumulative. Moreover, skills begin to work after their first percentage of learning. So you don't need to push them forward by playing top tanks. By taking these skills last, even despite the high experience costs to learn, you will get a good advantage over disguised opponents.
An eagle eye
Let's see how "Eagle Eye" differs from "Radio Interception". To do this, just read the descriptions of both perks. "Eye" is a skill that can only be mastered by the crew commander. Grants a 0.02% increase in vision for each percentage of the skill learned, and a total of 2% when fully learned.
Its main advantage is the increase in the detection range of the enemy when surveillance devices are damaged. Up to 20% at maximum pumping. Here a dilemma arises regarding the effectiveness of using this perk on different types of machines. But we'll talk about this a little further.
Radio interception
We looked at the Eagle Eye perk. "Radio interception" is similar in principle, but does not provide any additional advantages. Only a radio operator can learn this skill. This, by the way, is another reason why you shouldn’t choose between the skills given to us. If necessary, you can study them both first.
In total, “Radio Interception” gives up to 3% to the viewing range at maximum level of the skill. Interestingly, this skill is practically the only useful one for a radio operator, so you will most likely learn it first in any case. Also, the radio operator is one of the best crew members for leveling up secondary skills. By learning “Repair” from him, for example, you will receive a 25% bonus to the speed of equipment restoration on vehicles with 4 people. So you'll probably have to choose between secondary skills and Interception rather than Eagle Eye.
Light tanks
The main task of light tanks in the game is reconnaissance. Obtaining early information about the enemy is very important both for the survival of the LT itself and for the team as a whole. To improve the ability to illuminate the enemy, those playing this type of vehicle do not need to choose what to take - “Radio Interception” or “Eagle Eye”. Fortunately, these two skills stack effects and work simultaneously.
The only downside is that the additional “Eye” effect, which works after damage to the devices, is useless on light tanks. You are either immediately destroyed when hit, or you remain an invisible shadow and dodge enemy projectiles. But when learning both skills, you will receive a 5% bonus to your viewing range or to enemy detection, if your visibility is already maximum and equal to 445 meters.
Medium tanks
With these machines it’s a little more complicated. You can participate in positional firefights. Your equipment already has more durability, and you can withstand critical hits. Elements of positional warfare and slow front pushing appear.
When playing on a medium tank, everything will depend on the model. For fast and maneuverable cars, it is better, first of all, to study both skills that we are considering. On slower ones, it would be better to take the “Sixth Sense” from the commander first. In general, enemy detection is not the main task of medium tanks. However, due to the “great Belarusian randomness”, there may be no LTs in the team, and then you will have to take on their role. In such cases, it would be better to use “Radio Interception”.
Heavy tanks
Slow and vulnerable, oddly enough. When driving a TT, be prepared for the fact that you will have to hide behind covers and make short dashes. It is with them that you will have to choose what to download first - “Radio Interception” or “Eagle Eye”. Which is better to choose?
On the one hand, you have a commander. You will need the Sixth Sense and Combat Brotherhood skills. He also needs "Repair". However, the "Eagle Eye" will be a salvation in case of damage to surveillance devices, which TT break down quite often. On the other hand, there is a radio operator. “General” skills are also important to him - “Repair” and “Combat Brotherhood”, but there are practically no useful special skills.
So, "Eagle Eye" or "Radio Interception" - which is better? After leveling up all the general skills, it would be better to take “Sixth Sense” from the commander, and “Radio Interception” from the radio operator. However, immediately after this you can download the “Eye”.
Tank destroyer
The situation is similar with this type of technology. Disguise is also added to general skills only. "Radio Interception" is also learned one rank earlier. On the other hand, many PTs prefer to play “sniper”, hiding in one place. Therefore, the ability to detect the enemy at distant approaches is very important to them.
You can learn both skills in question first and won't lose anything by doing so. They will immediately add 5% of your visibility, and with additional equipment like the “Stereo Tube” you will be able to detect even the most camouflaged opponents.
self-propelled guns
With this type of equipment you don’t have to decide what to take - “Radio Interception” or “Eagle Eye”. For self-propelled guns, the range of its own vision is not important. She uses data given to her by other participants in the battle. Therefore, there is no point in downloading “Radio Interception” or “Eagle Eye” for her.
If we assume a theoretical model in which self-propelled guns fight in urban environments and play the role of a kind of tank tank, then the maximum that the owner of an unlucky vehicle can afford is “Radio Interception”. It gives a larger bonus, while the "Eye" is only effective when damaging modules on vehicles.
conclusions
Based on the foregoing, several conclusions can be drawn regarding what is better to use - “Radio Interception” or “Eagle Eye”. Regardless of what machine you play on and what style of battles you prefer, it is more profitable to take “Radio Interception”. First of all, only because he does not have a worthy alternative among other radio operator skills.
"Eagle Eye", "Radio Interception" how many characteristics do they give? The first guarantees a bonus of 2% when pumping and 20% when broken. The second is 3%. Considering that a good tanker rarely receives critical damage, the bonus from the first skill is very doubtful, and here again Interception wins.
The same applies to the speed of receipt. “Interception” levels up much faster, again due to the fact that the commander has more really useful and effective skills that are worth leveling up earlier.
So let's summarize. "Eagle Eye" or "Radio Interception"? What's better? Definitely - “Radio interception”. If you have a dilemma about what to download, choose it, you definitely won’t go wrong.
