Rubik's cube 6x6 formula assembly diagram. The impossible is possible, or how to solve the main models of the Rubik's cube

L - rotation of the left side
R- rotation of the right side
U - rotation of the top face
D - rotation of the bottom face
F - rotation of the front face
B - rotation of the back (rear) face.

Small letters denote the internal faces of the cube - r, l, u, b, f, d.
All turns with such designations are made on 90 gr. clockwise.

" - a dash after the letter, means that the rotation is COUNTER-CLOCKWISE. For example - U", L", R"...
The numbers 2 or 3 in front of the big letter means the number of side faces rotated at the same time.
For example - 2L, 3R, 2U, etc... clockwise, and respectively 2L", 3R", 2U", etc. counterclockwise.

The numbers 2 or 3 in front of the small letter means the ordinal number of the rotated inner face.
The number 2 after any letter indicates the rotation of the face two times, that is, 180 degrees.
For example:
2L2 - means to rotate the two left faces 180 degrees clockwise.
3R "2 - rotate the three right faces 180 degrees counterclockwise.

F" - rotate one front face counterclockwise

U2 - rotate one top face clockwise by 90 degrees

2B" - turn two back faces counterclockwise

3D2 - Rotate the bottom three faces 180 degrees clockwise.

You need to rotate the face to face you in order to orient yourself in the direction of rotation - clockwise or counterclockwise.

Simultaneous rotation of several internal faces is indicated by the numbers 2-3, for example - 2-3l or 2-3r.

Stage 3. Assembly of the last edges.

You have gone through steps 1 and 2 and come to a situation where all edges EXCEPT TWO are assembled, and it is impossible to substitute an unassembled edge to use the formulas of step 2. To assemble the last two edges, you will need special schemes separately for each case.

2R2 B2 U2 2L U2 2R" U2 2R U2 F2 2R F2 2L" B2 2R2		2L" U2 2L" U2 F2 2L" F2 2R U2 2R" U2 2L2
3L" U2 3L" U2 F2 3L" F2 3R U2 3R" U2 3L2

Also, the formulas of the 4x4 cube can be applied to the 6x6 cube at this stage.

Stage 4. Final Assembly and Parities.

Further, everything is simple, we collect as a 3x3 cube. But when assembling the last layer (cross), non-standard situations, called parities, may arise. Which cannot be in a 3x3 cube, but similar situations occur in a 4x4 cube.

3R2 B2 U2 3L U2 3R" U2 3R U2 F2 3R F2 3L" B2 3R2		2-3r2 U2 2-3r2 3U2 2-3r2 2-3u2

2-3r2 U2 2-3r2 3U2 2-3r2 3U2 R U R" U" R" F R2 U" R" U" R U R" F"

You can also watch all the final assembly steps, including parities, on the video.

Stage 1. Assembly of centers.

At the first stage, you need to collect the centers on each face of the 6x6 cube (Fig. 1). The center is 16 elements of the same color in the middle of each face. The first four centers are easy and interesting to assemble, for this it is not at all necessary to know the formulas, it is enough to understand the basic principles. But the remaining two centers are easier and faster to collect using formulas. Rotate the outer edges to position the center elements you want to swap. You need to rearrange the middle cubes among themselves. Put the desired cubes opposite each other, and follow the appropriate formula. In this case, the previously collected elements of the other centers will not be violated.

And don't forget that the centers in a 6x6 cube are not strictly fixed! They should be set according to corner elements, according to their colors, and you need to do this from the very beginning.

3r U" 2L" U 3r" U" 2L		2R U" 3l" U 2R" U" 3l
2R U 2R" U 2R U2 2R"		3r U 3r" U 3r U2 3r"
3r U 3l" U" 3r" U 3l

The first four centers are easy and interesting to assemble, for this it is not at all necessary to know the formulas, it is enough to understand the basic principles.

Also, the entire first stage of assembly can be viewed on the video.

Stage 2. Assembly of ribs.

At the second stage, you need to collect four edge elements of the cube. Starting positions before applying the formulas are given in the figures. Crosses show edge pairs that have not yet been joined and will be affected during the application of the formula. Applying formulas does not affect all other previously collected edges and centers. Everywhere in the figures it is considered that yellow is the front (front face), red is the top. You may have a different location of the centers - it does not matter.

The result to be reached in the second stage.

rU L"U"r"		3r U L" U" 3r"
3l" U L" U" 3l		l"U L"U"l

It is important to understand the idea of ​​this stage. All formulas consist of 5 steps. Step 1 is always to rotate the edges (right or left) so that the 2 edge elements fit together. Step 2 is always the turn of the top. Where to turn the top depends on which side there is an unassembled edge that you will substitute for the docked one in step 1. In the pictures and in these formulas, this edge is on the left, but it can also be on the right. Step 3 is always a rotation of one right or left face so that instead of a joined edge, a non-joined edge is substituted. Steps 4 and 5 are the reverse of steps 2 and 1 to return the cube to its original state. So - they docked, put aside, set up the unassembled, returned it back.
For a better demonstration, watch the video.

The puzzle, invented as a visual aid to algebraic theory, unexpectedly captivated the whole world. For more than a decade, people far from higher mathematics have been passionately struggling with a complex and exciting task. "Magic Cube" is an excellent tool for developing logical thinking and memory. For those who first wondered how to solve the Rubik's Cube, diagrams and comments will help maintain enthusiasm, and perhaps discover the world of speedcubing.

The six faces of the puzzle have specific colors and their order, patented by the inventor. Numerous fakes often impersonate precisely unusual colors or their position relative to each other. Teaching charts and descriptions always use the standard color scheme. It's easy for beginners to get lost in the explanations if you use a die with a different color scheme.

Colors opposite faces: white - yellow, green - blue, red - orange.

Each side consists of several square elements. According to their number, the types of Rubik's cubes are distinguished: 3 * 3 * 3 (the first classic version), 4 * 4 * 4 (the so-called "Rubik's Revenge"), 5 * 5 * 5 and so on.

The first model, assembled by Erno Rubik, consisted of 27 wooden cubes, equally painted in six colors and stacked on top of each other. The inventor spent a month trying to group them so that the faces of a large cube were formed from squares of the same color. It took even more time to develop a mechanism that held all the elements together.

The modern Rubik's cube of classical design consists of the following elements:

• Centers - parts that are fixed relative to each other, fixed on the axes of rotation of the cube. They face the user with only one painted side. Actually, six centers form mirror pairs in the color scheme.
• Ribs are moving parts. The user sees two colored sides for each edge. Color combinations are also standard here.
• Corners - eight movable elements located at the vertices of the cube. Each of them has three colored sides.
• The fastening mechanism is a crosspiece of three rigidly fixed axes. There is an alternative version of the mechanism, similar to the sphere. It is used in speed or multi-element cubes. The construction of cubes with an even number of elements on the faces is especially complex - this is a system of interconnected click mechanisms, sometimes combined with a cross. There are magnetic mechanisms for professional speed cubes.

The game with the Rubik's Cube is that with the help of a moving mechanism, the colored elements on the faces are reordered and try to collect in the original order.

Puzzle fans compete to solve the puzzle against the clock. In addition to manual dexterity, for this it is necessary to study, remember and bring to automaticity hundreds of combinations of colored elements and actions with them. This unusual sport is called speedcubing.

Speedcuber tournaments are regularly held, records are updated. New horizons for achievements are constantly opening up. As part of the tournaments, assembly competitions are held blindly, with one hand, with legs, and so on.

The newest hobby is assembling solitaires (patterns) on a cube.

The structure of the Rubik's cube and the names of rotations

In order to describe the manipulations with the puzzle, write down the solution schemes, the movements of the elements relative to each other, and just for the convenience of communication, a language of rotations was created. It is a letter designation for each face and for ways to rotate it.

The sides of the puzzle are indicated by capital letters.

In Russian-language guides for assembling the Rubik's Cube, initial letters from Russian names are used:

• F - from the "facade";
• T - from "rear";
• P - from "right";
• L - from "left";
• B - from "top";
• N - from "bottom".

The world community uses the initial letters of the names of the faces in English.

Designations adopted by the WCA (World Cube Association):

• R - from right;
• L - from left;
• U - from up;
• D - from down;
• F - from front;
• B - from back.

The center element is named the same as the face (R, D, F, and so on).

The edge is adjacent to two faces, its name consists of two letters (FR, UL, and so on).

The angle, respectively, is described by three letters (for example, FRU).

Groups of elements that make up the middle layers between the faces also have their own names:

• M (from middle) - between R and L.
• S (from standing) - between F and B.
• E (from equatorial) - between U and D.

The rotation of the faces is described by letters naming the faces and additional icons.

• The apostrophe "'" indicates that the face or layer is rotated counterclockwise.
• The number 2 indicates the repetition of the movement.

Possible actions with a face, for example, with the right one:

• R - clockwise rotation;
• R' - counterclockwise rotation.
• R2 is a double turn, no matter in which direction, since the edge has only four possible positions.

To determine in which direction to turn the face, you need to imagine a clock face on it and be guided by the movement of an imaginary hand.

The rotation of opposite faces "clockwise" turns out to be counter-clockwise.

The movements of the middle layers are tied to the outer faces:

• Layer M rotates in the same directions as L.
• Layer S - like F.
• Layer E - like D.

Another important notation for "w" is the simultaneous rotation of two adjacent layers. For example, Rw is the simultaneous rotation of R and M.

Turns of the entire die are called interceptions. They are performed in three planes, that is, along three coordinate axes: X, Y, Z.

• x and x' are rotations along the X axis of the entire cube. The movements coincide with the rotations of the right side.
• y and y' are rotations of the cube along the Y axis. The movements coincide with the rotations of the top face.
• z and z' - rotation of the cube along the Z axis. The movement coincides with the rotation of the front face.
• х2, y2, z2 – designations of double interceptions along the indicated axis.

In addition to generally accepted designations, assembly manuals are full of slang, names of techniques, tricks, algorithms, patterns and figures on a cube that are popular among speedcubers, and so on. Schematic descriptions of algorithms that use only arrows are no less in demand. The more experience accumulates in solving the puzzle, the easier it is to understand descriptions and explanations, many things begin to be perceived intuitively.

• Hat - colored elements collected on one side of the cube. Assembling the puzzle is the same as assembling all six hats.
• Belt - colored elements adjacent to the cap. The hat can be assembled in such a way that the belt consists of disparate colored fragments, that is, the corner and rib elements are out of place.
• The cross is a figure on a cap of five fragments of the same color. Assembly often begins with the construction of a cross. There is no clear direction here. This step allows for the greatest leeway and requires some thought. When the cross is ready, it remains to follow the learned algorithms.
• Flip - turning a corner or edge in one place relative to the center, this action requires the use of special algorithms.

Schemes and steps for assembling a puzzle for beginners

Schemes for beginners will help you learn and save your nerves, collecting a hopelessly tangled cube, feel the logic of movements and work out the simplest algorithms.

Before performing any action, it is necessary to inspect the cube. In competitions, 15 seconds are allotted for "inspection". During this time, you need to find elements of the same color, which will be collected in a "header" at the first stage. It is traditional to start on the white side, meaning most manuals assume the U is white. "Multicolor" speedcubers can start the assembly from any side, mentally rebuilding all the ready-made algorithms.

Rubik's Cube 2x2

"Mini cube" consists of 8 corner elements. At the first stage, one layer of four corners is assembled. At the second stage, the remaining corners are placed in their places, while they can be turned upside down, that is, the colored elements will not be on their faces. It remains to deploy them to the desired side.

• The bang-bang algorithm allows you to move the corner element and orient it correctly. If you do this sequence of actions six times in a row, the cube will return to its original position. Thus, if the cube is mixed, you need to apply it 1 to 5 times to set the element correctly. Algorithm entry: RUR'U'.
• When one layer is assembled, you need to turn the cube with the second layer up. Moving this layer in any direction, set one of the corners in its place. Next, an algorithm is applied that allows you to swap two adjacent elements - the right and left corners of the front face. The sequence of actions is as follows: URU'L'UR'U'LU.
• When all the corners are in place, they are flipped (flipped) using the bang-bang algorithm. At this stage, it is important not to intercept the die.

How to solve a Rubik's Cube 3x3

1. Build a "white cross" by assembling 4 edges with white stickers around the white center.
2. Align the colored centers of the sides R, L, U, D with the appropriate edges of the "white cross".
3. Put the corners with white stickers in their places. With the R'D'RD algorithm repeated up to five times, the corners will flip to the correct position.
4. To put the edges of the middle layer in their place, you need to intercept the cube - y2. Select the edge without the yellow sticker. Align it with the center, matching in color with one of the sides. Using the formulas, shift the edge to the middle layer: The edge descends with an offset to the left: U'L'ULUFU'F'. The edge descends with an offset to the right: URU'R'U'F'UF. If the element is in place but not rotated correctly, these algorithms are used again to move it to the third layer and set it again.
5. Without intercepting the cube, collect the yellow cross on the cap of the third layer, repeating the algorithm: FRUR'U'F'.
6. Align the edges of the last layer with the side centers correctly, as was done for the first cross. The two ribs snap into place easily. The other two will have to be swapped. If they are opposite each other: RUR'URU2R'. If on adjacent sides: RUR'URU2R'U.
7. Arrange the corners of the last face in the correct positions. If none of them are in the right place, apply the URU'L'UR'U'L formula. One of the elements will fit correctly. Intercept the cube with this angle towards you, it will be the upper right on the front face. Move other corners counterclockwise URU'L'UR'U'L or vice versa U'L'URU'LUR'. At this stage, all the collected sections will be rebuilt, it will seem that something went wrong. It is important to ensure that the cube does not turn over and the center F does not move relative to the user. The combination of moves must be repeated up to 5 times.
8. The corner elements may need to be unfolded so that the color fragments align with the rest of the faces correctly. To unfold (flip) them, the first formula is used: R'D'RD. It is important not to intercept the die so that F and U do not change.

Rubik's Cube 4x4

Puzzles that have more than three elements in a line involve a much greater number of combinations.

The “even” variants are especially difficult, since they do not have a rigidly fixed center, which helps to navigate the classic puzzle.

For 4*4*4, about 7.4*1045 element positions are possible. Therefore, it was called "Rubik's revenge" or Master Cube.

Additional symbols for inner layers:

• f - internal frontal;
• b - internal rear;
• r - inner right;
• l - inner left.

Assembly options: in layers, from corners or reduction to the form 3 * 3 * 3. The last method is the most popular. First, four central elements are assembled on each face. Then the rib pairs are adjusted and, finally, the corners are set.

• When assembling the central elements, one must remember which colors are contrasted in pairs. Algorithm to swap elements from middle quadruple: (Rr) U (Rr)' U (Rr) U2 (Rr)' U2.
• When assembling edges, only the outer faces rotate. Algorithms: (Ll)’ U’ R U (Ll); (Ll)' U' R2 U (Ll); (Ll)' U' R' U (Ll); (Rr) U L U’ (Rr)’; (Rr) U L2 U’ (Rr)’; (Rr) U L' U' (Rr)'. In most cases, the edges can be assembled intuitively. When only two edge elements remain: (Dd) R F’ U R’ F (Dd)’ to set them side by side, U F’ L F’ L’ F U’ to swap them.
• Next, the 3 * 3 * 3 cube formulas are used to rearrange and rotate the corners.

Difficult cases that require a special solution are parities. Their formulas do not solve the problem, but knock out the elements from the impasse, bringing the puzzle into a form that can be solved by standard algorithms.

• Two adjacent edge elements in the wrong orientation: r2 B2 U2 l U2 r’ U2 r U2 F2 r F2 l’ B2 r2.
• Opposed pairs of edge elements in the wrong orientation: r2 U2 r2 (Uu)2 r2 u2.
• Pairs of edge elements at an angle to each other, in the wrong orientation: F’ U’ F r2 U2 r2 (Uu)2 r2 u2 F’ U F.
• The corners of the last layer are out of place: r2 U2 r2 (Uu)2 r2 u2.

Quick assembly puzzle 5x5

The assembly consists in bringing to the classical form. First, 9 central fragments are assembled on each cap and three edge elements. The last stage is the arrangement of corners.

Additional designations:

• u is the inner top face;
• d is the inner bottom face;
• e - the inner edge between the upper and lower;
• (two faces in brackets) - simultaneous rotation.

The assembly of the central elements is easier than in the previous case, as there are rigidly fixed color pairs.

• At the first stage, difficulties may arise if you need to swap elements on neighboring faces. If they are separated by one edge element: (Rr) U (Rr)' U (Rr) U2 (Rr)'. If they are on the inner core layers: (Rr)’ F’ (Ll)’ (Rr) U (Rr) U’ (Ll) (Rr)’.
• The combination of edge elements is intuitive, it does not affect the collected centers: (Ll)’ U L’ U’ (Ll); (Ll)' U L2 U' (Ll); (Rr) U' R U (Rr)'; (Rr) U' R2 U (Rr)'. The difficulty is only the assembly of the last two edges.

Formulas for parities:

• swap elements in layers u and d on edges of one face: (Dd) R F’ U R’ F (Dd)’;
• swap edge elements located in the middle layer on one face: (Uu)2 (Rr)2 F2 u2 F2 (Rr)2 (Uu)2;
• deploy these elements in their places, that is, flip: e R F’ U R’ F e’;
• deploy the rib element of the middle layer in place: (Rr)2 B2 U2 (Ll) U2 (Rr)’ U2 (Rr) U2 F2 (Rr) F2 (Ll)’ B2 (Rr)2;
• swap elements in the side layer on one face: (Ll)’ U2 (Ll)’ U2 F2 (Ll)’ F2 (Rr) U2 (Rr)’ U2 (Ll)2;
• flip three edge elements at the same time in place: F’ L’ F U’ or U F’ L.

The last task is the arrangement of corners according to the principle of a classic cube.

Special techniques have been developed to facilitate this task. One of the popular speedcubers is the old Pochmann method.

The assembly is carried out not in layers, but in groups of elements: first all the edges, then the corners.

Edge RU is buffer. Using special algorithms, the cube occupying this position is moved to its place. The element that replaced it at position RU is moved again, and so on, until all the edges are in place. The same is done with the corners. A feature of blind assembly algorithms is that they allow you to move an element without mixing the rest.

Australian Felix Zemdegs twice set the world record for solving the classic Rubik's Cube in 2018. At the beginning of the year, best time 4.6 seconds, in May the puzzle was solved in 4.22 seconds.

The 22-year-old athlete holds several more current records 2015 - 2017:

• 4x4x4 - 19.36 seconds;
• 5x5x5 - 38.52 seconds;
• 6x6x6 - 1:20.03 minutes;
• 7x7x7 - 2:06.73 minutes;
• megaminx - 34.60 seconds;
• with one hand - 6.88 seconds.

The robot record, recorded in the Guinness Book of Records, is 0.637 seconds. There is already a working model that can solve the cube in 0.38 seconds. Its developers are Americans Ben Katz and Jared Di Carlo.

The human intellect needs constant training no less than the body needs physical activity. The best way to develop, expand the abilities of this quality of the psyche - to solve crossword puzzles and solve puzzles, the most famous of which, of course, is the Rubik's Cube. However, not everyone manages to collect it. Knowledge of the schemes and formulas for solving the assembly of this intricate toy will help to cope with this task.

What is a puzzle toy

Mechanical cube made of plastic, the outer faces of which consist of small cubes. The size of the toy is determined by the number of small elements:

• 2 x 2;
• 3 x 3 (the original version of the Rubik's Cube was exactly 3 x 3);
• 4 x 4;
• 5 x 5;
• 6 x 6;
• 7 x 7;
• 8 x 8;
• 9 x 9;
• 10 x 10;
• 11 x 11;
• 13 x 13;
• 17 x 17.

Any of the small cubes can rotate in three directions along the axes, represented as protrusions of a fragment of one of the three cylinders of the large cube. So the design has the ability to rotate freely, but at the same time, small parts do not fall out, but hold on to each other.

Each side of the toy includes 9 elements, painted in one of six colors, opposite each other in pairs. The classic combination of shades is:

• red opposite orange;
• white opposite yellow;
• blue opposite green.

However, modern versions may be colored in other combinations.

Today you can find Rubik's cubes of different colors and shapes.

It is interesting. The Rubik's Cube even exists in a version for the blind. There, instead of color squares, there is a relief surface.

The goal of assembling the puzzle is to arrange the small squares so that they form the face of a large cube of the same color.

History of appearance

The idea of ​​​​creation belongs to the Hungarian architect Erne Rubik, who, in fact, did not create a toy, but a visual aid for his students. In such an interesting way, the resourceful teacher planned to explain the theory mathematical groups(algebraic structures). It happened in 1974, and a year later the invention was patented as a puzzle toy - future architects (and not only them) got so attached to the intricate and bright manual.

The release of the first series of the puzzle was timed to coincide with the new year 1978, but the toy entered the world thanks to the entrepreneurs Tibor Lakzi and Tom Kremer.

It is interesting. Since the appearance of the Rubik's Cube ("magic cube", "magic cube"), about 350 million copies have been sold worldwide, which puts the puzzle in first place in popularity among toys. Not to mention dozens computer games based on this assembly principle.

The Rubik's Cube is an iconic toy for many generations

In the 80s, the inhabitants of the USSR met the Rubik's Cube, and in 1982, the first world championship in assembling a puzzle for speed, speedcubing, was organized in Hungary. Then the best result was 22.95 seconds (for comparison: in 2017 a new world record was set: 4.69 seconds).

It is interesting. Fans of assembling a multi-colored puzzle are so attached to the toy that they find it not enough for them to assemble for speed alone. Therefore, in last years puzzle-solving championships appeared with eyes closed, one hand, feet.

What are the formulas for the Rubik's Cube

Collecting a magic cube means arranging all the little details so that you get a whole face of the same color, you need to use God's algorithm. This term refers to a set of minimum actions that will solve a puzzle that has a finite number of moves and combinations.

It is interesting. In addition to the Rubik's Cube, God's algorithm is applied to puzzles such as Meffert's pyramid, Taken, Tower of Hanoi, etc.

Since the Rubik's Magic Cube was created as mathematical aid, then its assembly is decomposed according to the formulas.

The assembly of the Rubik's cube is based on the use of special formulas

Important definitions

In order to learn how to understand the schemes for solving the puzzle, you need to get acquainted with the names of its parts.

1. An angle is a combination of three colors. The 3 x 3 cube will have 3, the 4 x 4 version will have 4, and so on. The toy has 12 corners.
2. An edge denotes two colors. There are 8 of them in a cube.
3. The center contains one color. There are 6 in total.
4. Facets, as already mentioned, are simultaneously rotating elements of the puzzle. They are also called "layers" or "slices".

Values ​​in formulas

It should be noted that the assembly formulas are written in Latin - these are the schemes that are widely presented in various manuals for working with the puzzle. But there are also Russified versions. The list below shows both options.

1. The front face (front or facade) is the front face, which is in color to us [Ф] (or F - front).
2. The back face is the face that is centered away from us [З] (or B - back).
3. Right Edge - the edge that is on the right [P] (or R - right).
4. Left Edge - the edge that is on the left [L] (or L - left).
5. Bottom Face - the face that is below [H] (or D - down).
6. Upper Face - the face that is at the top [B] (or U - up).

Photo gallery: parts of the Rubik's cube and their definitions

To clarify the notation in the formulas, we use the Russian version - this will be more understandable for beginners, but for those who want to move to the professional level of speedcubing without the international notation on English language not enough.

It is interesting. The international notation system is adopted by the World Cube Association ( world cube Association, WCA).

1. The central cubes are indicated in the formulas with one lowercase letter - f, t, p, l, c, n.
2. Corner - in three letters according to the name of the faces, for example, fpv, flni, etc.
3. Capital letters Ф, Т, П, Л, В, Н denote elementary operations of rotation of the corresponding face (layer, slice) of the cube by 90° clockwise.
4. Designations Ф, Т, П, Л, В, Н" correspond to the rotation of faces by 90° counterclockwise.
5. The designations Ф 2 , П 2 , etc., indicate a double rotation of the corresponding face (Ф 2 = FF).
6. The letter C denotes the rotation of the middle layer. The subscript shows which side of the face to look at to make that turn. For example, C P - from the side of the right side, C N - from the bottom side, C "L" - from the left side, counterclockwise, etc. It is clear that C N \u003d C "B, C P \u003d C" L and etc.
7. The letter O is the rotation (revolution) of the entire cube around its axis. О Ф - from the side of the front face clockwise, etc.

Recording the process (F "P") N 2 (PF) means: rotate the front face counterclockwise by 90 °, the same - the right side, rotate the bottom face twice (that is, by 180 °), rotate the right side by 90 ° along clockwise, rotate the front face 90° clockwise.

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http://dedfoma.ru/kubikrubika/kak-sobrat-kubik-rubika-3x3x3.htm

It is important for beginners to learn to understand the formulas

As a rule, instructions for building a puzzle in classic colors recommend holding the puzzle with the yellow center up. This advice is especially important for beginners.

It is interesting. There are websites that visualize formulas. Moreover, the speed of the assembly process can be set independently. For example, alg.cubing.net

How to solve a Rubik's puzzle

There are two types of schemas:

• for newbies;
• for professionals.

Their difference is in the complexity of the formulas, as well as the assembly speed. For beginners, of course, instructions appropriate to their level of knowledge of the puzzle will be more useful. But even they, after training, after a while will be able to fold the toy in 2-3 minutes.

How to build a standard 3 x 3 cube

Let's start by building a classic 3 x 3 Rubik's Cube using a 7-step pattern.

The classic version of the puzzle is the Rubik's Cube 3 x 3

It is interesting. The reverse process used to solve certain irregularly placed cubes is the reverse sequence of the action described by the formula. That is, the formula must be read from right to left, and the layers must be rotated counterclockwise if direct movement was indicated, and vice versa: direct if the opposite is described.

Assembly instructions

1. We start by assembling the cross of the upper face. We lower the required cube down by turning the corresponding side face (P, T, L) and bring it to the front face with the operation N, N "or H 2. We finish the stage of the removal by mirroring (reverse) the same side face, restoring the original position of the affected edge cube of the upper layer. After that, we perform operation a) or b) of the first stage. In case a) the cube came to the front face so that the color of its front face matches the color of the facade. In case b) the cube must not only be moved up, but also unfolded so that it is correctly oriented, standing in its place.

   We collect the cross of the upper line

2. The required corner cube is found (having the colors of the faces F, V, L) and, using the same technique that is described for the first stage, it is displayed in the left corner of the selected facade face (or yellow). There can be three cases of orientation of this cube. We compare our case with the picture and apply one of the operations of the second stage a, beat c. The dots on the diagram mark the place where the desired cube should be placed. We look for the remaining three corner cubes on the cube and repeat the described technique to move them to their places on the top face. Result: upper layer selected. The first two stages cause almost no difficulty for anyone: it is quite easy to follow your actions, since all attention is paid to one layer, and what is done in the remaining two is not at all important.

   Choosing the top layer

3. Our goal: to find the desired cube and first bring it down to the front face. If it is at the bottom - by simply turning the bottom face until it matches the color of the facade, and if it is in the middle layer, then you must first lower it down using any of the operations a) or b), and then match it in color with the color of the facade face and perform the operation of the third stage a) or b). Result: two layers collected. The formulas given here are mirror formulas in the full sense of the word. You can clearly see this if you put a mirror to the right or left of the cube (with an edge towards you) and do any of the formulas in the mirror: we will see the second formula. That is, operations with the front, bottom, top (not involved here), and back (also not involved) faces change sign to the opposite: it was clockwise, it became counterclockwise, and vice versa. And the left side changes from the right one, and, accordingly, changes the direction of rotation to the opposite.

   We find the desired cube and bring it down to the front face

4. The goal is achieved by operations that move the side cubes of one face without eventually violating the order in collected layers. One of the processes that allows you to pick up all the side faces is shown in the figure. It also shows what happens in this case with other face cubes. By repeating the process, choosing a different front face, you can put all four cubes in place. Result: the rib pieces are in place, but two of them, or even all four, may be incorrectly oriented. Important: before proceeding with this formula, we look at which cubes are already in place - they may be incorrectly oriented. If there is none or one, then we try to rotate the upper face so that the two that are on two adjacent side faces (fv + pv, pv + tv, tv + lv, lv + fv) fall into place, after that we orient the cube like this , as shown in the figure, and execute the formula given at this stage. If it is not possible to combine the details belonging to adjacent faces by turning the top face, then we execute the formula for any position of the cubes of the top face once and try again by turning the top face to put 2 details located on two adjacent side faces into place.

   It is important to check the orientation of the cubes at this stage

5. We take into account that the unfolded cube should be on the right side, in the figure it is marked with arrows (cube pv). Figures a, b, and c show possible cases of location of incorrectly oriented cubes (marked with dots). Using the formula in case a), we perform an intermediate rotation B "to bring the second cube to the right side, and the final rotation B, which will return the upper face to its original position, in case b) an intermediate rotation B 2 and the final one also B 2, and in case c) intermediate rotation B must be performed three times, after turning each cube and also completed with rotation B. Many are confused by the fact that after the first part of the process (PS N) 4, the desired cube unfolds as it should, but the order in the collected layers is violated. confuses and makes some people throw an almost completed cube halfway through. Having completed an intermediate turn, ignoring the “breakage” of the lower layers, we perform operations (PS N) 4 with the second cube (the second part of the process), and everything falls into place. Result: assembled cross.

   The result of this stage will be an assembled cross

6. We put the corners of the last face into place using an easy-to-remember 8-way process - forward, rearranging the three corner pieces in a clockwise direction, and reverse, rearranging the three dice in a counterclockwise direction. After the fifth stage, as a rule, at least one cube will sit in its place, even if it is incorrectly oriented. (If after the fifth stage none of the corner cubes has sat down in its place, then we apply any of the two processes for any three cubes, after that exactly one cube will be in its place.). Result: all the corner cubes are in place, but two of them (maybe four) may not be oriented correctly.

   Corner cubes sit in their places

7. We repeatedly repeat the sequence of turns PF "P" F. Rotate the cube so that the cube we want to unfold is in the upper right corner of the facade. An 8-way process (2 x 4 turns) will rotate it 1/3 turn clockwise. If at the same time the cube has not yet oriented, repeat the 8-move again (in the formula this is reflected by the index “N”). We do not pay attention to the fact that the lower layers will become a mess. The figure shows four cases of incorrectly oriented cubes (they are marked with dots). In case a) an intermediate turn B and a final B" are required, in case b) - an intermediate and final turn B 2, in case c) - turn B is performed after each cube is rotated to the correct orientation, and the final B 2, in case d) - intermediate rotation B is also performed after each cube is rotated to the correct orientation, and the final rotation in this case will also be rotation B. Result: the last face is assembled.

   Possible errors are shown with dots

Formulas for correcting the placement of cubes can be shown like this.

Formulas for Correcting Misaligned Cubes in the Last Step

The essence of Jessica Friedrich's method

There are several ways to assemble the puzzle, but one of the most memorable is the one developed by Jessica Friedrich, a professor at the University of Binghamton, New York, who develops techniques for hiding data in digital images. While still a teenager, Jessica was so carried away by the cube that in 1982 she became the world champion in speed cubing and subsequently did not leave her hobby, developing formulas for quick assembly"magic cube" One of the most popular cube folding options is called CFOP - according to the first letters four assembly steps.

Instruction:

1. We collect the cross on the upper face, which is made up of cubes on the edges of the lower face. This stage is called Cross - cross.
2. We collect the lower and middle layers, that is, the face on which the cross is located, and the intermediate layer, consisting of four side parts. The name of this step is F2L (First two layers) - the first two layers.
3. We collect the remaining face, not paying attention to the fact that not all the details are in place. The stage is called OLL (Orient the last layer), which translates to "last layer orientation".
4. The last level - PLL (Permute the last layer) - consists in the correct arrangement of the cubes of the upper layer.

Friedrich Method Video Instructions

The speedcubers liked the method proposed by Jessica Friedrich so much that the most advanced amateurs develop their own methods to speed up the assembly of each of the stages proposed by the author.

Video: accelerating the assembly of the cross

Video: collecting the first two layers

Video: working with the last layer

Video: last build level by Friedrich

2 x 2

The 2 x 2 Rubik's Cube or mini Rubik's Cube is also stacked in layers, starting from the bottom level.

The mini-dice is a lighter version of the classic puzzle

Easy Assembly Instructions for Beginners

1. We assemble the bottom layer so that the colors of the last four cubes match, and the remaining two colors are the same as the colors of the neighboring parts.
2. Let's start organizing the top layer. Please note that at this stage the goal is not to match the colors, but to put the cubes in their places. We start by determining the color of the top. Everything is simple here: it will be the color that did not appear in the bottom layer. Rotate any of the top cubes so that it gets to the position where the three colors of the element intersect. Having fixed the corner, we arrange the elements of the remaining ones. We use two formulas for this: one for changing diagonal cubes, the other for neighboring ones.
3. We complete the top layer. We carry out all operations in pairs: we rotate one corner, and then the other, but in the opposite direction (for example, the first one is clockwise, the second is counterclockwise). You can work with three angles at once, but in this case there will be only one combination: either clockwise or counterclockwise. Between rotations of the corners, we rotate the upper face so that the corner being worked out is in the upper right corner. If we work with three corners, then we put the correctly oriented one at the back left.

Formulas for rotating angles:

• (VFPV P"V"F")² (5);
• V²F V²F "V"F V"F"(6);
• FVF² LFL² VLV² (7).

To rotate three corners at once:

• (FVPV "P" F "V")² (8);
• FV F "V FV² F" V² (9);
• V²L"V"L²F"L"F²V"F" (10).

Photo Gallery: Building a 2 x 2 Cube

Video: Friedrich method for a 2 x 2 cube

Collecting the most difficult versions of the cube

These include toys with a number of parts from 4 x 4 and up to 17 x 17.

For children and adults sometimes it can seem like a daunting task how to solve a 3x3 rubik's cube. A diagram with pictures for beginners in this matter is one of the main assistants.

Also, to make everything clear and transparent, you can use video instructions. We will actively apply both of these aids in practice so that you finally learned to solve the eternal problem with the Rubik's cube.

Can you solve a Rubik's Cube? different ways and methods. You can do it in 15 moves, in 7 moves, and even in as many as 20. For many years, all kinds of smart people have been struggling to find the optimal solution to this problem. After all, the Rubik's Cube is a mechanical puzzle that lends itself to a completely logical solution. You only need step-by-step instruction, as well as a small margin of logic and patience.

Before you start, directly, the assembly algorithm, you should learn key concepts.

The very name of the toy speaks for itself - the cube consists of 6 sides (faces), 12 edges, 8 corners. The faces of the cube consist of 9 small colored elements that can rotate simultaneously, but only clockwise and counterclockwise. Letters of the Russian alphabet the names of the faces will be denoted as follows:

F - facade;

T - rear;

P - right;

L - left;

B - top;

N - bottom.

In many descriptions and diagrams, there are designations for the faces of the cube in English.

The next secret of the Rubik's Cube lies in the arrangement of small colored elements.

1. Central cubes determine the color of the entire side of the Rubik's Cube. It is these cubes that we will call by analogy with the names of the faces (F, T, P), etc.
2. Rib cubes are adjacent to two faces at once, so the name will be double (for example, FP, PV) - depending on the faces with which they interact.
3. corner cubes contain 3 letters in the name at once, since they refer to three faces at the same time (FPV).

And one more mini-secret - when you study face rotation schemes, letters without any additions will mean rotate 90 degrees clockwise, and letters with an additional sign ‘ – counterclockwise.

Understanding all these legend, it will be much easier for you to fold the Rubik's Cube and you will do it correctly and quickly. Also, for a change, you can learn how to do.

How to solve a 3x3 rubik's cube: the easiest way, assembly diagram

The simplest and reliable way Assembling our Rubik's Cube starts from the bottom cross. Collect the cross on the bottom face of the cube and proceed to the step-by-step solution of the problem of how to solve a 3x3 Rubik's Cube: the easiest way, the diagram of which is right in front of you.

And, of course, the most understandable tool for building a cube will be a video lesson with detailed description experienced virtuoso.

Rubik's cube assembly scheme 3x3 for beginners in pictures

In the first stages of the practice of collecting the Rubik's Cube, we will use the same cross method, but this time we will have a cross of colored cubes on the top face. As you understand, the speedy assembly of the Rubik's Cube is waiting for you ahead, at this stage should learn to correctly determine the location of the edges and moving them in the plane of the cube.

There are different ways to assemble a cube, and now you have to learn how to solve a 3x3 rubik's cube: The scheme for beginners consists of 7 stages. Pictures describing the assembly process are available for you for each of the steps. You may spend more time on this puzzle than expected, but you will solve a puzzle that is not available to all the inhabitants of our planet! It's worth the sweat for it.

By the way, the last Rubik's cube world record the speed was set in 4.73 seconds. And it belonged to Australian student Felix Zemdegs, who beat the previous record holder by just 0.01 seconds. We have nowhere to rush in this matter, so we carefully study the instructions and begin to collect the first layer.

The principle of assembling the Rubik's Cube from the initial cross not that complicated. Here it is necessary to correctly study the location of the faces. And then - a matter of technology, as they say. We have already gone through the basic concepts and rules for assembling a Rubik's cube for dummies.

We are sure that the Rubik's Cube 3x3 for beginners in pictures helped you set your own record and in further attempts you will reduce the time to a minimum.

If all these steps and formulas seemed complicated and confusing to you, we suggest that you review the video, in which the whole process is shown in detail using the example of a virtual Rubik's cube.

Rubik's Cube Formulas 3x3: Calculate Moves

If you think the previous methods for assembling the proverbial cube were just for dumb ones, catch a few formulas.